新冠疫情期间基于门诊患者的变应性鼻炎患者比例构成分析

Analysis of proportion of outpatients with allergic rhinitis during the coronavirus infectious disease 2019 pandemic

目的探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间基于门诊患者的变应性鼻炎(AR)患者比例构成,分析疫情期间与非疫情期间AR患者就诊人数的变化,讨论居家以及佩戴口罩对于AR发病的影响。方法收集2017-2020年每年3月、4月和5月在耳鼻咽喉科门诊就诊的患者总数,以及诊断为“变应性鼻炎”“过敏性鼻炎”“慢性鼻炎”的患者数量,分析鼻炎患者人次占门诊患者总数的比例构成,并进一步分层分析AR患者中不同性别、年龄的发病差异。结果2020年疫情期间3月、4月和5月鼻炎患者人次占门诊患者总数的比例,3月因患者较少可比性差,4月与2018年4月(P=0.028)、5月与2019年5月(P=0.001)同比差异具有统计学意义,其余时间同比差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05),但患者总数的峰值因疫情影响有所延后。AR患者中男性比例略高于女性,与往年同比差异无统计学意义。年龄方面0~18岁组AR患者比例高于往年,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);19~40岁组及41~60岁组与往年同比差异无统计学意义,>60岁组样本量较少,比例变化较大。2020年6月疫情平稳以后AR患者就诊人次逐步趋近甚至部分超越2017~2019年同期水平。结论2020年新冠疫情期间可能因口罩密封、疫情压力、室内过敏原以及室内空气条件等因素的影响,并未使AR患者占门诊患者总数的比例降低,甚至在疫情平稳后的一些月份与过去3年相比有轻微上升的趋势,提示佩戴口罩或居家隔离可能并未使AR的发病人数显著减少,但仍推荐AR患者出门时正确佩戴口罩,特别是花粉过敏者在致敏花粉播散期间外出,建议佩戴颗粒物防护口罩,需保持房间空气流通,并净化室内空气,以减轻AR相关症状。

Objective This study aimed to explore the proportion of outpatients with allergic rhinitis(AR)during the coronavirus infectious disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,analyze the relevant factors affecting the incidence of AR during the COVID-19 pandemic,and discuss the impact of staying indoors and wearing masks on the incidence of AR.Methods We collected data from the outpatients in the clinic of the Otolaryngology Department of Jiangsu Province Hospital in March,April,and May of 2017,2018,2019,and 2020 and total number of patients who were diagnosed with“AR,”and“chronic rhinitis.”We analyzed the proportion of patients with AR among the total number of patients,and further analyzed the differences in the incidence of AR by sex and age.Results The proportion of outpatients with AR in the total number of outpatients in March,April,and May before the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 was statistically significant compared to that in April 2018(P=0.028)and May 2019(P=0.001)due to the low number of patients in March,while the differences in other months were not statistically significant.However,the peak of the total number of patients was delayed due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.The proportion of male patients with AR was slightly higher than that of the female patients with AR,with no statistical significance compared to previous years.Regarding age,the proportion of patients with AR in the aged 0-18 years group was higher than that in previous years,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The aged 19-40 years and 41-60 years groups showed no statistical significance compared to previous years,while the sample size of the aged>60 years group was limited and the proportion changed greatly.After the COVID-19 pandemic stabilized in June 2020,the visits of patients with AR gradually approached and partially exceeded the level of the same period from 2017 to 2019.Conclusions During the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020,the proportion of outpatients with AR in the total number of outpatients did not decrease due to factors,such as mask sealing problems,epidemic pressure,indoor allergens,and indoor air conditions,but slightly increased in some months after the COVID-19 pandemic stabilized compared to the past 3 years.Wearing masks and home quarantine did not significantly reduce the onset of the number of patients with AR,but it is still recommended in patients with AR to wear a face mask when going out,especially since pollen allergies during the sensitization pollen spread out,recommends wearing particulate respirators,keep the room ventilated,and purify indoor air,to alleviate AR-related symptoms.