缓释氮肥配施尿素对迟播小麦产量形成及氮素利用的影响

Effect of Slow Release Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined with Urea on Yield Formation and Nitrogen Utilization of Late Sowing Wheat

为建立稻茬迟播小麦树脂包膜缓释氮肥高效施肥模式与技术,以冬小麦品种扬麦23为材料,以43%树脂包膜缓释氮肥(PCU,含氮43%)和尿素(U,含氮46%)为氮肥,设置“一次性基施”(A)与“一基一追”(B)2种施肥模式,共形成100%树脂包膜缓释氮肥基施(A1)、80%树脂包膜缓释氮肥+20%尿素基施(A2)、60%树脂包膜缓释氮肥+40%尿素基施(A3)、80%树脂包膜缓释氮肥基施+20%尿素返青期追施(B1)、80%树脂包膜缓释氮肥基施+20%尿素拔节期追施(B2)、60%树脂包膜缓释氮肥基施+40%尿素返青期追施(B3)、60%树脂包膜缓释氮肥基施+40%尿素拔节期追施(B4)等7个施肥处理,分析了缓释氮肥与尿素配施对迟播小麦产量及其构成、茎蘖动态、干物质积累、叶面积指数、SPAD值、氮素利用效率等指标的影响。结果表明,一次性基施模式处理(A1~A3)的小麦产量显著低于常规施肥(CK,基肥∶分蘖肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥=5∶1∶2∶2);“一基一追”两次施肥模式处理(B1~B4)的产量显著高于CK,泰州与扬州两地分别平均增产5.77%和5.64%,其中B4处理产量最高,分别为8796.80和7848.18kg·hm,分别比CK高8.30%和9.05%;与CK相比,“一基一追”两次施肥模式处理的生育中、后期叶面积指数和干物质积累量、乳熟期旗叶SPAD值、全生育期吸氮总量与氮素利用效率、净效益均不同程度地提高;不同施肥处理中,B4处理氮素各利用指标表现最优,其中氮素积累总量及经济净效益平均达到266.83kg·hm和11992.96元·hm。综上,“60%树脂包膜缓释氮肥基施+40%尿素拔节期追施”是稻茬迟播小麦树脂包膜缓释氮肥高产高效施肥方式。

In order to establish an efficient fertilization mode and technology of resin coated slow release nitrogen fertilizer for late-sowing wheat following rice, a winter wheat variety Yangmai 23 was chosen as the material, applied with 43% resin coated slow release nitrogen fertilizer(PCU) and 46% urea(U) under seven fertilization treatments: 100% PCU as base fertilizer(A1),80% PCU+20% U as base fertilizer(A2),60% PCU+40% U as base fertilizer(A3),80% PCU as base fertilizer+20% U as reviving fertilizer(B1),80% PCU as base fertilizer+20% U as jointing fertilizer(B2),60% PCU as base fertilizer+40% U as reviving fertilizer(B3) and 60% PCU as base fertilizer+40% as jointing fertilizer(B4). The effects of different fertilization methods on the yield and it components, stem and tiller dynamics, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, SPAD value and nitrogen use efficiency of late-sowing wheat were studied. The results showed that the yield of one-time basal application(A1-A3) was significantly lower than that of CK;the yield of ‘one base and one topdressing’ treatment(B1-B4) was significantly higher than that of CK. The average yield in Taizhou and Yangzhou was increased by 5.77% and 5.64%,respectively. Among different treatments, the yield under B4 treatment were the highest, which were 8 796.80 and 7 848.18 kg·hm,8.30% and 9.05% higher than those of CK,respectively. Compared with CK,the leaf area index and dry matter accumulation in the middle and late growth stages, SPAD value of flag leaf at milky stage, total nitrogen uptake and nitrogen efficiency and net benefit in the whole growth period of ‘one base and one topdressing’ mode were improved to varying degrees. Among different fertilization treatments, B4 treatment had the best nitrogen indices with the average total nitrogen accumulation and net economic benefit reached 266.83 kg·hmand 11 992.96 yuan·hm. In conclusion, ‘60% resin coated slow-release nitrogen fertilizer as base fertilizer+40% common urea as jointing fertilizer’ is a high-yield and high-efficient fertilization method using resin coated slow release nitrogen fertilizer for late sowing wheat following rice.