欧盟农业绿色发展政策演进及对中国农业发展的借鉴

Evolution of EU Agricultural Green Development Policy and Enlightenments to China's Agricultural Development

1992年,欧洲共同体农业部长委员会对共同农业政策进行了麦克萨利改革,将长期以来以农业增产为导向的政策转向以农业绿色发展为重心。共同农业政策历经数次改革,建立了绿色农业补贴体系,包括交叉遵守机制、交叉绿色直接支付和农村发展方案三大机制体系,加强农业资源环境保护并重视农业农村的可持续发展。目前,欧盟已形成以农业环境保护与可持续发展为导向,以共同农业政策为核心,资源节约类政策为辅,农业绿色补贴体系持续发力的绿色发展体系。通过对欧盟农业相关的政府网站和法律数据库进行调研和数据检索,对欧盟共同农业政策的7次改革历程、三大农业绿色发展机制、6项农业资源节约类政策进行了梳理,并对欧盟农业绿色发展的特点进行总结。最后,结合对比分析和专家咨询,对中国农业绿色化转型提出了相关建议和发展思路。

The agricultural minister of the European Community carried out Macsharry reform to Common Agricultural Policy in 1992.The long-term policy of increasing agricultural production has been shifted to focusing on green agricultural development.In following decades,The Common Agricultural Policy experienced many innovations.The green agricultural subsidy system has been established,mainly including Cross-Compliance,Greening Payment and Rural Development Program.Meanwhile,EU has paid more attention to the environmental protection of agricultural resources and sustainable development of agriculture and rural area after these reforms.Nowadays,EU has formed a complete system with the purpose of agricultural environmental protection and sustainable development,focusing on the Common Agricultural Policy and resource conservation policies as supplement,and the agricultural green subsidy system as a continuous force.Through the investigation and data retrieval of the related government websites and legal databases,seven reform courses of Common Agricultural Policy,three major agricultural green development mechanisms and six agricultural resource conservation policies were combed,and the characteristics of EU Common Agricultural Policy were summarized.Finally,combined with comparative analysis and expert consultation,relevant suggestions and development ideas for China's agricultural green transformation were put forward.