基于多准则统计学方法的珠三角区域地表水水质监测及评价

Monitoring and Evaluation of Surface Water Quality in Pearl River Delta Region Based on Multi-criteria Statistical Method

利用珠三角区域58个地点的监测数据来分析地表水质量的波动情况。分析了pH、温度、电导率(EC)、溶解氧(DO)、总溶解固体(TDS)、总悬浮物(TSS)、化学需氧量(COD)、生物需氧量(BOD)、氨态氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)、亚硝酸盐氮(NO_(2)^(-)-N)、硝态氮(BOD)、铁(Fe)、铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)、砷(As)和氯离子(Cl^(-))等17项水质指标。采用水质指数(WQI)和聚类分析(CA)对地表水水质进行分析。结果表明:地表水有有机物(低DO,高TSS、BOD、COD)、营养物质(高NH_(4)^(+)-N)和Fe污染;部分地区Pb超标,其他指标(Cd、Hg、As)均在标准范围内;DO、TSS、BOD、COD、NH_(4)^(+)-N、Fe、EC、TDS和Cl^(-)随季节变化而变化。CA表明,可以将1-6聚类的11个采样点和监测频率从每年8次减少到5次,这使得监控成本降低了56.5%。水质较差的区域集中在广州、佛山和中山,需要寻找有效的水质改善方案。

This paper uses monitoring data from 58 locations in the Pearl River Delta region to analyze the fluctuation of surface water quality.The pH,temperature,electrical conductivity(EC),dissolved oxygen(DO),total dissolved solids(TDS),total suspended solids(TSS),chemical oxygen demand(COD),biological oxygen demand(BOD),ammonia nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N),nitrite nitrogen(NO_(2))were analyzed-17 water quality indicators,including N,nitrate nitrogen(BOD),iron(Fe),lead(Pb),cadmium(Cd),mercury(Hg),arsenic(As)and chloride ion(Cl^(-)).Water quality index(WQI)and cluster analysis(CA)were used to analyze the surface water quality.The results showed that surface water was polluted by organic matter(low DO,high TSS,BOD,COD),nutrients(high NH_(4)^(+)-N)and Fe.Pb exceeded the standard in some areas,and other indicators(Cd,Hg,As)were within the scope of this standard.DO,TSS,BOD,COD,NH_(4)^(+)-N,Fe,EC,TDS and Cl^(-) varied with the seasons.The results of CA show that the 11 sampling points and monitoring frequency of 1-6 clusters can be reduced from 8 to 5 times per year,which reduces the monitoring cost by 56.5%.The intermediate and inferior water quality is concentrated in Guangzhou,Foshan and Zhongshan,and effective water quality improvement programs need to be found.The results can provide reference for environmental quality monitoring in southern Vietnam.