长沙窑乳浊釉制瓷技术的科技研究

Discussion on the porcelain technology of Changsha kiln opaque glaze

长沙窑是中国唐代著名外销窑口,早期烧制青釉产品、后期发展到烧制青釉彩瓷和乳浊釉彩瓷,成为当时中外文化交流阶段性总结的集大成者。而长沙窑广泛使用的乳浊釉,特别是乳浊白釉为其彩绘提供了重要的釉层,是长沙窑彩瓷能够大放光彩的基础之一。鉴于此,为研究长沙窑乳浊釉制瓷技术,以铜官窑遗址和黄泗浦遗址出土的长沙窑瓷片为研究对象,利用光学显微镜、能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜和分光光度计等多种仪器,对长沙窑胎体和釉层进行了测试,着重探讨和揭示了长沙窑乳浊釉瓷的胎体原料、釉层乳浊机理、釉层原料以及兴起原因,为全面认识长沙窑乳浊釉瓷的制釉技术来源和科技内涵提供科学依据。

Changsha kiln was a famous export kiln during the Tang Dynasty.Products with the monochrome transparent lime glaze were fired in its early stage and later developed into those with the polychrome transparent or opaque lime glaze.At the time,Changsha kiln became famous and clearly reflected the cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries.The opaque glaze,especially the opaque white glaze,which was widely used in Changsha kiln,provided an important glaze layer for its color paintings.In view of this,we took some Changsha kiln porcelain pieces unearthed from Tongguan kiln and Huangsipu sites as the research samples and tested their bodies and glazes by means of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence(EDXRF)spectrometry,optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and spectrophotometry.In our study,raw materials for the bodies and glazes,glaze opacification mechanism and reasons for the rise of opaque glaze products of Changsha kiln are discussed.These provide a scientific basis for the comprehensive understanding of the source of the glaze-making technology for Changsha kiln opaque glaze porcelains.