中学生情绪调节策略的特点及其与被欺凌的关系

Characteristics of Emotional Adjustment Strategies and Their Relationship to Being Bullied among Middle School Students

目的了解中学生情绪调节策略的特点及其与被欺凌的关系。方法以江西省某中学为研究现场,采用一般情况调查表、Olweus欺负问卷、情绪调节量表对2040名学生进行调查,其中初中生932人占比45.69%,高中生1108人占比54.31%。结果初中生中,是否经常被长辈责骂(χ^(2)=55.120,P<0.001)、体罚(χ^(2)=7.490,P=0.006)和自评学习负担(χ^(2)=34.720,P<0.001)间的被欺凌报告率不同。高中生中,不同性别(χ^(2)=17.520,P<0.001)、是否担任班级干部(χ^(2)=4.110,P=0.043)、是否经常被长辈责骂(χ^(2)=26.720,P<0.001)和自评家庭经济状况(χ^(2)=6.630,P=0.036)间的被欺凌报告率不同。初中生和高中生认知重评得分比较差异有统计学意义(t=-3.678,P<0.001)。初中生被欺凌者的表达抑制得分高于未被欺凌者(t=3.852,P<0.001)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,相对于表达抑制得分低的初中生,表达抑制得分高是初中生发生被欺凌行为的危险因素(OR=1.046,95%CI=1.022~1.070)。结论初中生认知重评得分低于高中生,且情绪调节策略的差异可能与初中生是否被欺凌有关。

Objective To understand the characteristics of emotional adjustment strategies and their relationship to being bullied among middle school students.Methods A total of 2040 students were surveyed using the General Information Questionnaire,Olweus Bullying Questionnaire and Emotion Regulation Scale in a middle school in Jiangxi province,including 932 junior high school students(45.69%)and 1108 senior high school students(54.31%).Results Among junior high school students,the reported rates of being bullied differed depending on whether they were often scolded by elders(χ^(2)=55.120,P<0.001),suffered corporal punishment(χ^(2)=7.490,P=0.006),and had self-rated learning burden(χ^(2)=34.720,P<0.001).Among senior high school students,the reported rates of being bullied were associated with gender(χ^(2)=17.520,P<0.001),serving as class cadre(χ^(2)=4.110,P=0.043),elders’scolding(χ^(2)=26.720,P<0.001),and self-assessment of family economic status(χ^(2)=6.630,P<0.036).There was a statistical difference in cognitive reassessment score between junior high school students and senior high school students(t=-3.678,P<0.001).Among junior high school students,the expression inhibition score of bullied students was higher than that of non-bullied students(t=3.852,P<0.001).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high expression inhibition score was a risk factor for being bullied in junior high school students(OR=1.046,95%CI=1.022-1.070).Conclusion The cognitive reappraisal score of junior high school students is lower than that of senior high school students,and the difference in emotional adjustment strategies may be related to whether they are bullied or not.