大熊猫自然保护区(瓦屋山、大相岭)潜在风险区域犬瘟热等病毒病的防控

Prevention and Control of Canine Distemper and Other Virus Diseases in Potential Risk Areas of the Giant Panda Nature Reserve(Wawu Mountain,Daxiangling,Sichuan Province)

为掌握瓦屋山和大相岭大熊猫自然保护区潜在风险区域内犬饲养及其携带犬瘟热病毒(CDV)、细小病毒(PV)、轮状病毒(RV)和狂犬病病毒(RABV)的情况,并在潜在风险区域建立犬瘟热等多种病毒病的免疫隔离带,以保护野生大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)的种群健康。采用逐户走访、问卷调查、称体重和量体长的方法对保护区潜在风险区域的犬进行数量、饲养方式、体型和性别统计;采用PCR技术和血清中和抗体试验调查犬携带CDV、PV、RV病原情况和RABV在血清中的抗体水平;犬通过接种犬瘟热、腺病毒2型、副流感和细小病毒病四联活疫苗建立保护区犬瘟热等病毒的免疫隔离带。结果显示:瓦屋山和大相岭大熊猫自然保护区潜在风险区域内,共有犬178只,其中51.7%的犬(92/178)为自由散养状态,且以中小型犬(86.0%,153/178)为主;犬携带的RV为大熊猫源RV(GPRV),阳性率为76.9%(60/78);未检测到CDV和PV;12.7%的犬(7/55)RABV血清抗体阳性;犬疫苗免疫率为88.8%(158/178)。研究结果可为大熊猫保护区潜在风险区犬瘟热等多种病毒病的防控预警提供流行病学数据,并为大熊猫自然保护区周边犬的管理提供科学建议。

This study aimed to survey the domestic dog populations and the prevalence of canine distemper virus(CDV),parvovirus(PV),rotavirus(RV),and rabies virus(RABV)in the potential risk area of the Wawu Mountain and Daxiangling Giant Panda Nature Reserve,Sichuan Province.In addition,an immune quarantine zone was established for various viral diseases,such as CDV,in the potential risk area,which can reduce the threat of viral infection and further protect the population of wild giant pandas(Ailuropoda melanoleuca).The total number,feeding method,body size,and sex of dogs in the potential risk area of Giant Panda Nature Reserve were recorded by house-to-house visits,questionnaire surveys,body weight and body length measurements;PCR technology and serum neutralizing antibody tests were used for the epidemiological investigation of CDV,PV,RV,and RABV on the subjects.The immunization of dogs for CDV,adenovirus type 2,parainfluenza and PV were administered via aquadruple live vaccine to establish the immune quarantine zone.The results showed that there were a total of 178 dogs in the potential risk area of Wawu Mountain and Daxiangling Giant Panda Nature Reserve,of which 51.7%(92/178)were free-ranging,and the majority of dogs(86.0%,153/178)were small and medium in size.The RV carried by dogs was giant panda RV(GPRV),with a positive rate of 76.9%(60/78).CDV and PV were not detected in the dogs.A total of 12.7%(7/55)of dogs were positive for the serum antibody of RABV.The immunization rate of vaccine was 88.8%(158/178).This study provides epidemiological data for the prevention and early warning of various viral diseases such as CDV in potential risk areas of the Giant Panda Nature Reserve,and provides scientific advice for the management of dogs around the Giant Panda Nature Reserve.