云南玉溪绿孔雀遗传多样性分析:与圈养种群的比较

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Green Peafowl in Yuxi,Yunnan,China:A Comparison with Captive Population

绿孔雀(Pavo muticus)是备受关注的濒危物种。我国南方曾广泛分布的云南亚种(P.m.imperator)目前收缩到中部、南部和西部的局部地区,近年来陆续开展了野外种群调查,但遗传多样性的分析和评估尚未开展。本研究利用从玉溪市新平和峨山交界处采集的野外绿孔雀自然脱落的羽毛,采用11对微卫星标记分析遗传多样性和结构,并与国内主要圈养种群(建群者来自瑞丽地区和其他未确定的地点)进行比较。结果表明:该野生种群的遗传多样性较低,受到近交的影响,遗传多样性进一步丢失的风险较高。遗传结构上,该野生种群和圈养种群的个体被划分为3个亚群,野生种群作为独立的1个亚群,在遗传上有别于圈养种群所含的2个遗传谱系,说明云南省分布的绿孔雀有着显著而复杂的地理分化。当前需要开展系统的谱系地理学研究,以加强族群之间的基因交流为目标,通过生态廊道或个体转移等方式增加遗传交流的机会,扭转遗传多样性随近交的深化而不断丢失的趋势。

The green peafowl(Pavo muticus)is an endangered species that has attracted much attention of the world.The subspecies of P.m.imperator,which was once widely distributed in southern China,is now restricted to the central,southern and western regions of Yunnan Province.In recent years,field population surveys have been conducted successively,but analysis and evaluation of genetic diversity have not yet been carried out.In this study,the genetic diversity and structure of a wild population in the junction region of Xinping and Eshan in Yuxi City were analyzed by using shed feathers collected during field survey and 11 microsatellite markers.Genetic diversity of this population was also compared with the main captive population in China which were derived from wild ancestors in Ruili,Yunnan and other undetermined locations.The results showed that the genetic diversity of the wild population was markedly low due to local inbreeding and is risky of further loss.In terms of genetic structure,individuals of the wild and the captive population were sorted into three subgroups.The wild population was substantially distinct from the two subgroups contained in the captive population.Such divergence demonstrates that the green peafowl of Yunnan Province might have significant and complex geographical differentiation.These results suggest the primal necessity to carry out systematic phylogeographic studies to clarify genetic relationships among geographic populations and to identify evolutionary significant units.The population management of Yuxi population ought to target genetic exchange among local colonies to increase the opportunities of genetic communication by means of ecological corridors or individual transfer etc.,so as to reverse the trend that genetic diversity loses with progressive inbreeding.