论拜登政府的移民政策转向与非法移民治理困境

The Turn of Biden Administration’s Immigration Policy and Dilemma of LI Illegal Immigration Governance in the U.S.

移民问题一直是美国国内政治的焦点议题。自2021年1月入主白宫以来,拜登政府试图彻底推翻特朗普政府以美墨边境墙为代表的强硬保护主义政策,转而执行更为开放的移民政策,呈现出截然不同的政策导向。本文从理论和现实的视角出发,梳理了从特朗普时期到拜登时期移民政策转向的过程,分析了拜登政府治理非法移民的政策措施与实际效果。尽管拜登政府强调应该从边境巡逻、经济援助、外部合作等渠道多管齐下解决非法移民问题,但无论是边境非法移民潮的持续出现、未成年人安置的困难还是国内外的压力和挑战都证明了拜登政府应对移民问题的效果并不理想。党派政治、联邦—地方政策分歧、社会民意撕裂和邻国压力都导致美国的非法移民治理陷入了困境,难以在短时间内解决。

Immigration has always been the focus of American domestic politics. Since taking office in January 2021, the Biden administration has tried to overthrow Trump administration’s hard line protectionist policy and implement a much more open immigration policy. This paper examines the policy shift from Trump administration to Biden administration, and analyzes Biden administration’s efforts to deal with illegal immigration. Although the Biden administration emphasizes that the problem of illegal immigration should be solved through multiple channels such as border patrol, foreign aid and external cooperation, the increase of illegal immigrants at the border and domestic pressure show that the Biden government has not achieved satisfactory results. Party politics, divergence of federal and local policy, conflicts of public opinion and pressure of neighboring countries all pose serious challenges to the solve of immigration problem in the United States.