既有建筑改造前室门宽对人员疏散影响的数值模拟分析

Numerical Simulation Analysis on Occupant Evacuation Effect of Anteroom Door Width in Existing Building Renovation

针对某既有办公建筑改造时前室门宽不符合现行设计规范要求的问题,本文基于现行消防设计规范,对人员数量和所需前室门宽进行核算,分析安全疏散风险和改造难点。运用Pathfinder疏散软件建立疏散模型进行数值模拟,得出人员疏散至前室内的所需疏散时间,比较分析不同前室门宽对人员安全疏散的影响。结果表明:前室门宽0.8m时各层人员疏散至前室所需时间比1.2m时显著加大;整楼疏散时楼梯间出现拥挤,与分层独立疏散相比,各层疏散至前室所需时间增长较大;模拟得到的疏散所需时间比依照规范计算得到的时间要大得多。

Aiming at the problem that the anteroom door width doesn’t meet the requirement of the current design code when the existing building needs to be renovated, in this paper, based on the current code for fire protection design of buildings, the number of occupants and the door width of the anterooms of an existing office building were calculated, the occupant evacuation risk and renovation difficulties were analyzed. The occupant’s evacuation model for the existing office building was built using the Pathfinder software. The evacuation action time travelling to the anteroom under different evacuation widths were obtained through simulating. The results show that the time travelling to the anteroom in each floor when the evacuation width is 0.8 m is obviously more than that when the evacuation width is 1.2 m;compared with evacuating independently in each floor, there is congestion in staircases and the time travelling to the anteroom in each floor is got longer when the whole building starts to evacuate simultaneously;and the evacuation time obtained by the numerical simulation is much larger than that obtained by the code formula.