不同释放期缓释尿素配合一次基施对稻茬冬小麦产量及氮肥利用率的影响

Effect of Slow-Released Urea in Different Release Periods Combined with One Basal Application on Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat Following Rice

为了探究能够匹配小麦氮素需求的最佳缓释肥一次性基施的配比,以达到精准、减次、控释的目标,设置7种新配方缓释肥(由40 d、120 d、160 d三种不同释放期的缓释尿素按照不同比例组合,M_(1)~M_(7))一次基施处理以及三个对照(现生产中主推的缓释期120 d尿素一次基施、基肥和返青肥各施50%二次施用,普通尿素分4次按基肥∶分蘖肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥=50%∶10%∶20%∶20%施用,CK_(1)~CK_(3)),对不同处理的产量及氮肥利用效率进行了测定和分析。结果表明,新配方缓释肥(M_(1)~M_(7))处理均较CK_(1)和CK_(3)增产,以M_(5)处理产量最高,比CK_(3)、CK_(2)、CK_(1)分别高16.71%、6.29%、15.54%。M_(3)、M_(4)、M_(5)处理拔节期植株氮素积累水平较低,但成熟期植株氮素积累量显著高于其他处理,籽粒氮积累量也高于其他处理。在新配方缓释肥(M_(1)~M_(7))处理中,M_(5)处理花前氮素转运量和花后氮素积累量显著高于其他处理,氮肥表观利用率与氮肥农学效率也最高;M_(5)处理的净效益最高,比CK_(3)、CK_(2)、CK_(1)分别高21.14%、12.24%、29.36%。

To investigate the optimal ratio of one-time application of the slow-released fertilizer to match the nitrogen requirements in wheat,a total of 10 different treatments were designed in this study,including seven new formulations of slow-released fertilizers( slow-released urea with different release periods of 40 d,120 d and 160 d combined with the different proportions,M_(1)-M_(7)),one basal application and three controls the main slow-released period of 120 d urea was applied as a basal application(CK_(1));half of basal fertilizer and half of reviving fertilizer as twice application of slow-released urea(CK_(2));four separate application of ordinary urea,basal fertilizer∶tillering fertilizer∶jointing fertilizer∶booting fertilizer=50%∶10%∶20%∶20%(CK_(3)).The yield and nitrogen use efficiency of different treatments were measured and analyzed.The results showed that the new formula slow-released fertilizers(M_(1)-M_(7))treatments increased the yield compared with CK_(1) and CK_(3),and the highest yield was obtained under M_(5),which was 16.71%,6.29%,and 15.54%higher than that of CK_(3),CK_(2) and CK_(1),respectively.The nitrogen accumulation level in plants under M_(3),M_(4) and M_(5) was lower at the jointing stage,but the plant nitrogen accumulation at the maturity stage was significantly higher than that under other treatments,and the grain nitrogen accumulation was also higher.Among the treatments with new formula(M_(1)-M_(7)),the nitrogen transportation amount before anthesis andnitrogen accumulation amount after anthesis of M_(5) were significantly higher.The nitrogen application rate and nitrogen agronomic efficiency were also the highest under M_(5).The M_(5) formula had the highest net benefit,21.14%,12.24%and 29.36%higher than CK_(3),CK_(2) and CK_(1),respectively.