近28年阳宗海流域生态系统服务价值对景观格局演变的时空响应

Spatial-temporal Response of Ecosystem Service Value to Landscape Pattern Evolution in Yangzonghai Basin in Recent 28 years

阳宗海流域地处生态安全战略格局的南方丘陵山地带西缘,生态区位极为重要,对其生态系统服务价值和景观格局变化进行研究是非常必要的。基于1990—2018年的阳宗海流域遥感影像数据,利用ArcGIS空间统计方法,计算该时间段阳宗海流域的土地利用动态度和土地利用转移矩阵,结合当量因子法,分析阳宗海流域28年间的景观格局时空演变特征及生态系统服务价值对其的响应。结果表明,28年间,阳宗海流域景观类型以耕地、乔木林地、灌木林地和湖泊为主。景观结构转移最频繁的是灌木林地,共转出5562.08 hm2。生态系统服务价值1990年最高(19.65亿元),2018年最低(18.91亿元)。生态系统服务价值高区域的分布与湖泊、人工湿地和沼泽湿地的分布一致。生态系统服务价值与各景观指数存在较高相关性,其中斑块个数、斑块密度、景观形状指数和蔓延度指数与各项生态系统服务价值相关性均较高。近28年来,阳宗海流域生态系统服务总价值呈下降趋势,建设用地的扩张、土地利用类型向低生态系统服务价值的转变及人类活动对土地的过度影响降低了生态系统服务价值。在调整研究区土地结构、优化土地配置时,应充分重视水体、林地等具有较高生态服务价值的景观类型。

Yangzonghai basin is located in western edge of southern hilly and mountainous area,which is strategic pattern of ecological security.Ecological location is extremely important.Study on changes of ecosystem service value and landscape pattern is necessary.Based on remote sensing image data of Yangzonghai basin from 1990 to 2018,dynamic degrees and transition matrices of land utilization during study period by method of ArcGIS spatial statistics were calculated.Combining with equivalent factor method,spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of landscape pattern and response of ecosystem service value in Yangzonghai basin in 28 years were analyzed.Results showed that in 28 years,landscape types of Yangzonghai basin were mainly cultivated land,arbor forest land,shrub forest land and lake.The most frequent transfer of landscape structure was shrub land forest with total of 5562.08 hm2.Ecosystem service value was the highest in 1990(1.965 billion yuan)and was the lowest in 2018(1.891 billion yuan).Distribution of regions with high ecosystem service values was consistent with distributions of lake,artificial wetland and swamp wetland.There were high correlations among ecosystem service values and various landscape indexes,among which number of patches,patch density,landscape shape index and spread degree index had higher correlations with various ecosystem service values.In recent 28 years,total value of ecosystem service in Yangzonghai basin showed downward trend.Expansion of construction land,transfer of land utilization types to low ecosystem service values,and excessive impact of human activities on land reduced ecosystem service value.When adjusting land structure and optimizing land allocation in study area,it was suggested that pay full attention to landscape types with high ecological service values,such as water body and forest land.