马来西亚巫统政府时期国际移民与民族国家建构

International Migration and the Construction of Nation-statefor UMNO Government in Malaysia

巫统政府执政时,有意选择、接纳与马来人文化相似的印尼移民和菲律宾南部穆斯林移民,而对华人进行一定的限制和排斥,大批华人随之移往第三国,这对马来西亚的族群构成产生了重要影响。马来西亚从以往的以马来人、华人为主的多族群社会,逐渐转向以马来人为主的多族群社会。与此同时,马来人与华人从建国初的政治、经济各有优势转变为马来人在政治、经济、教育、文化等各领域处于支配地位。巫统政府时期马来西亚实际上正在建构一个马来民族国家。

When the UMNO government was in power in Malaysia, the government intentionally chose and accepted immigrants from Indonesian and southern Philippines who had similar culture with the local Malay, while restricting and excluding the Chinese to a certain degree. As a result, a large number of Chinese had to move to the third country. This has an important impact on the composition of Malaysia’s ethnic groups. Malaysia has gradually changed from a multi-ethnic society mainly composed of Malays and Chinese to a multi-ethnic society dominated by Malays. At the same time, the advantage shared by Malays and Chinese in political and economic fields changed into advantage of Malays comprehensively in the political, economic, educational and cultural fields, etc. It can be seen that in the period of UMNO government, Malaysia was actually developing into a Malay nation-state.