冥想的安全性

The safety of meditation

大量研究表明冥想有助于身心健康的维持与幸福感的提升,但与此同时,飞速发展的研究与实践却严重忽略了对其安全性的考察。目前,我们对冥想各群体(临床人群、修行人、正念冥想指导者、普通练习者及大学生等)不良反应的表现、影响因素及发生与转化机制等都知之甚少,目前国内该领域的研究尚属空白,这是迫切需要研究者和实践者重视和严肃对待的伦理问题。国外研究表明,总体而言,冥想不良反应率为8.3%,表现在认知、感知觉、情感、躯体化、意志、自我意识与社会功能等7方面内容的不适或改变,严重的甚至出现自杀意念与行为;冥想不良反应的影响因素包括练习者、练习、关系及健康行为等4方面的内容。中国文化下本土化研究的开展以及冥想指导者胜任力等问题是未来研究的重要方向,分解设计、纵向设计与个人中心取向是重要的研究方法。

So far,the large and expanding body of research on meditation has mostly focused on the benefits of meditation on health and well-being.However,the rapid growth of research and applications of meditation has raised questions regarding its safety,since the potential for its harm has not been comprehensively studied.Very little is known about the prevalence and potential causes of adverse events of meditation.In the context of millions of meditators worldwide,even low rates of adverse events become an important concern not only for the nascent field of contemplative science but for public health more generally.It is a serious ethical issue that must be paid more attention to.So far,the field of adverse effects of meditation conducted on easterners and Chinese is still blank.According to a systematic review by Farias et al.(2020),the overall prevalence of meditation adverse effects was 8.3%.Seven domains of meditation-related challenges(cognitive,perceptual,affective,somatic,conative,sense of self,and social)and four domains of influencing factors(practitioner-level factors,practice-level factors,relationships,and health behaviors)were yielded by a content-driven thematic analysis.Research on the local Chinese culture,teacher competencies,as well as dismantling designs,longitudinal designs and person-centered approaches were recommended for future research.