基于环境生态安全的照明研究综述

A Review of Lighting Research Based on Environmental and Ecological Security

过去的20年是照明快速发展的时期,夜景照明塑造了夜间形象,拓展了夜间活动,促进了夜游经济的发展。但照明也会对人、动植物以及生态环境产生不良影响,造成光污染。光污染违背了生态环保与可持续发展的理念。夜间光环境对植物、鸟类及昆虫的影响因素主要包括光照强度、光谱构成、光照周期及持续时间等。虽有照明对环境影响的针对性研究,但未能建立生态照明的指标体系,相关照明建设规范、标准中也缺少照明的生态指标,不利于照明项目建设中环境生态的保护。通过对与生态环境相关的照明现状问题总结、发展趋势分析、生态照明前沿研究梳理,提出基于环境生态安全的照明发展建议。

The past 20 years have witnessed the rapid development of lighting. Night scene lighting has shaped the image of the night, expanded night activities and promoted the development of night tourism economy. However, when lighting has adverse effects on people, animals, plants and the ecological environment, it becomes light pollution, which violates the concept of ecological environmental protection and sustainable development. The influence factors of night light environment on plants, birds and insects mainly include light intensity, spectral composition, light cycle and duration. Despite the targeted research, the indicator system of ecological lighting has not been established, and the relevant lighting construction specifications and standards also lack the ecological indicators of lighting, which is not conducive to the protection of environmental ecology in the construction of lighting projects. This paper puts forward some suggestions for lighting development based on environmental and ecological security by summarizing the current lighting problems related to the ecological environment, analyzing the development trend and combing the frontier research of ecological lighting.