含铒铝合金研究进展

Research Progress of Erbium-Containing Aluminum Alloys

铝合金性能向高比强、高比模、高损伤容限、耐热和耐蚀等方向发展,微合金化是提高铝合金性能的重要手段,大量研究工作表明,铝合金中添加廉价元素铒(Er)能够起到有效的微合金化作用。对Al-Er析出相的结构、析出规律进行了总结,并对Er元素在几类工业铝合金、铸造铝合金和3D打印铝合金中的作用进行了综述。微合金化元素Er在铝合金中可形成纳米级Al_(3) Er强化相,在相同原子含量的情况下,Al_(3) Er的弥散强化效应比Al_(3) Sc更显著。Er元素的加入及Al_(3) Er相的析出可明显细化铝合金的组织,提高铝合金的再结晶温度,促进主强化相的析出,最终大幅度提高铝合金的强度或塑性。Er元素还可以与Zr等元素形成高稳定性Al_(3)(ErZr)等复合强化相,通过其对位错亚结构、晶粒形态调控等多层次作用机理,有效地提高铝合金耐热性能、耐腐蚀性能,以及3D打印成形裂纹抑制等综合性能。目前,微合金化元素Er及其复合微合金化作用已经成功应用在Al-Cu系、Al-Mg系、Al-Zn-Mg系变形铝合金以及铸造铝合金、3D打印铝合金中,成为提高铝合金综合性能的一种重要方法。

The properties of aluminum alloys are developing towards high specific strength,high specific modulus,high damage tolerance,heat resistance and corrosion resistance.Microalloying is an important means to improve the properties of aluminum alloys.A large number of studies have shown that adding cheap element Er to aluminum alloys can play an effective role in microalloying.In this paper,the structure and precipitation of Al-Er phase are summarized,and the role of Er in several types of industrial aluminum alloys,cast aluminum alloys and 3D printed aluminum alloys is reviewed.Microalloying element Er can form nano sized Al_(3)Er strengthening phase in aluminum alloys,under the same atomic content,the dispersion precipitation strengthening effect of Al_(3)Er is more significant than that of Al_(3)Sc.The addition of Er element and the precipitation of Al_(3)Er phase can obviously refine the aluminum alloys structure,increase the recrystallization temperature,promote the precipitation of main strengthening phases,and greatly improve the strength or plasticity of aluminum alloys.Er can also form high stability Al_(3)(ErZr)and other composite strengthening phases with Zr and other elements,through its multi-level action mechanism on dislocation substructure and grain morphology regulation,Er can effectively improve the comprehensive properties of aluminum alloys,such as heat resistance,corrosion resistance and 3D printing crack suppression.At present,the microalloying element Er and its composite microalloying have been successfully applied in Al-Cu system,Al-Mg system,Al-Zn-Mg system,some cast aluminum alloys and 3D printed aluminum alloys,and become an important method to improve the comprehensive properties of aluminum alloys.