再论苏词之超旷--以密州、黄州词为例

The Study on the Broad-mindedness in Su Ci:Taking the Works During Mizhou and Huangzhou Period as Examples

苏词之超旷,前人已多有论述,但若回归苏词文本本身,以密州、黄州两个时期的词作为考察对象,可勾勒出此种超旷风格形成与发展的轨迹,无疑对苏轼的思想变化及心路历程有很好的反映。整体来看,密州时期,初尝仕途艰辛的词人,词作的超旷风格逐渐显著,表现为对美好与圆满充满信念与向往,总是满怀希望,热情洋溢;黄州时期,词人在乌台诗案后经历了失落与彷徨,但他善于自我调节,最终实现了对悲与欢的双重超越。这种深化了的超旷特质伴随了词人一生,成为引导其度过艰难岁月的重要心理支撑。

There have been many discussions about the broad mindedness in Su Ci.However,if we return to the text of Su Ci and take the Ci during Mizhou and Huangzhou period as the objects of investigation,we can outline the formation and development of this style of broad mindedness.Undoubtedly,it has a good reflection on Su Shi’s ideological change and mental course.On the whole,in the period of Mizhou,the poets who first tasted the hardships of official career gradually showed a remarkable style of transcendence,which was expressed as full of faith and yearning for beauty and perfection.In the Huangzhou period,the poet experienced loss and hesitation after the Wutai poem case,but he was good at self-regulation,and finally realized the double transcendence of sadness and joy.This deepened“broad mindedness”characteristic had accompanied the poet through his life and arduous years.