我国体育运动学校学生视力健康状况及相关因素分析

Investigation of the Visual Health and Related Factors in the Students of Chinese Sports School

目的:调查我国体育运动学校(以下简称“体校”)学生的视力健康状况并分析相关因素,探讨运动训练对视力健康的影响。方法:采用分层随机抽样,抽取全国7个省(市)66所体校12698名7~18岁的中小学学生进行视力健康状况及相关因素的问卷调查,调查结果进行卡方检验和Logistic回归分析。结果:1)体校学生视力不良率为18.6%,其中7~12岁、13~15岁、16~18岁学生视力不良率分别为11.5%、19.2%和24.6%,低于2019年全国同龄学生的视力不良率(分别为53.4%、79.7%、86.9%);2)单因素卡方检验结果显示,性别、年龄、每日运动训练时长、上学日非屏幕近距离用眼时长、上学日屏幕用眼时长、寒暑假屏幕用眼时长、父亲是否近视、母亲是否近视对体校学生视力不良率有显著性影响(χ2值分别为146.75、273.45、120.57、58.70、22.91、32.39、384.26和229.36,P值均<0.05);3)多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄越大、上学日非屏幕近距离用眼时间≥1 h/d、父亲近视、母亲近视与体校学生视力不良的发生呈正相关(OR值分别为1.806、2.067~11.705、1.278、2.285和2.892,P<0.05),运动训练年限为2~5年、每日运动训练时长为1~3 h与体校学生视力不良呈负相关(OR值分别为0.822和0.684~0.839,P<0.05)。结论:1)我国体校学生视力健康状况好于全日制普通中小学学生;2)年龄越大、父亲或母亲近视、近距离用眼时间越长是体校学生视力健康的主要危险因素。

Objective:To investigate the visual health of students at sports schools in China and analyze the related factors,so as to provide the reference for prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents.Methods:Cluster sampling method was conducted to randomly select the students from 66 sports schools of 7 provinces,the status of visual health and its related factors were obtained through questionnaires.The data from a total of 12698 students aged 7 to 18 years were analyzed through chi-square test and Logistic regression.Results:The overall poor vision rate was 18.6%,among which,the poor vision rate of 7~12,13~15,16~18 years old students were 11.5%,19.2%and 24.6%,respectively.The poor vision rate was lower than the rate of the full-time school students in 2014(45.7%,74.4%and 83.3%respectively).Chi-square analysis showed that poor vision rate differed significantly in variables including gender,grade,training time,school days non-screen close work time,school days screen time,holidays screen time,whether father and mother were nearsighted(χ2 were 146.75,273.45,120.57,58.70,22.91,32.39,384.26,229.36,respectively,P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that girls,older students,school days non-screen close work time≥1(h/d),father with myopia and mother with myopia were positive factors for poor vision(OR were 1.806、2.067~11.705、1.278、2.285、2.892,respectively,P<0.05).2~5 years training experience,1~3(h/d)of training time were negative factors for poor vision(OR were 0.822,0.684~0.839,respectively,P<0.05).Conclusion:The eyesight of the sports school students in China is better than that of the full-time school students.However,age,gender,whether parents are nearsighted,and close work time are the risk factors for the eyesight of sports school students.