网络谣言的辟谣困境与对策分析

The Dilemma of Internet Rumor Refutation and Its Countermeasures

文章在编码网络谣言典型文本的基础上,进行跨越20余年的历史文本追踪溯源,认为:谣言涉及的事件案例具有不可查证的隐蔽性;针对虚假政府政策的辟谣并没有起到应有的效果,同时尚有辟谣信息未涉足的“真空地带”;谣言中的“专家”观点与所对应的辟谣内容中的专家观点相比,其表述方式更容易让受众放弃判断思考,直接相信。文章总结得出辟谣的困境为:事实真相不可得、社会权威不可信、谣言占领道德高地和辟谣驱动力较弱,并从内容、技术和政策三个方面给出对策建议。

On the basis of the typical texts of encoding Internet rumors, the paper traces the historical texts spanning more than 20 years. The results show that the cases involved in the rumors are hidden and not verifiable;The rumor refutation against the false government policy has not achieved the desired effect, and there is still a "vacuum zone" in which the refutation information has not been involved;Compared with the “expert” opinions in the content of rumor refutation, the expression of expert opinions in rumor is easier for the audience to give up judgment and believe directly. It is concluded that the dilemma of scientific refutation is: the truth is not available, the social authority is incredible, rumors occupy the moral highland and the driving force of scientific refutation is weak. Finally, countermeasures can be given from three aspects of content, technology and policy.