澳大利亚海洋管理中的水下文化遗产保护及启示

Underwater Cultural Heritage Protection in Australia Marine Policy and Its Revelation

水下文化遗产多与海洋生物伴生,具有物质文化遗产、自然遗产、非物质文化遗产共生的特点,通过海洋资源综合保护管理实现水下文化遗产区域保护是一种常见模式。澳大利亚在海洋生态系统保护为核心的海洋政策下,联邦和地方通过协议形成合作机制落实不同类型水下文化遗产的认定、保存、阐释、国际合作、财政支持,以及政策指定、监督协调等。其立法经验和保护管理具体措施对我国新修订实施《水下文物保护管理条例》的细化落实,以及行政机构改革后国家公园、海岸带治理、区域资源综合保护等具有启示借鉴的现实意义。

Underwater cultural heritage is often found with marine life and is a combination of tangible cultural and natural resources,as well as intangible cultural heritage.It is common approach to realize underwater cultural heritage regional protection through comprehensive protection and management of marine resources.Under the marine policy with marine ecosystem protection as the core,the Australia federal and local governments have implemented the designation,preservation,interpretation,international cooperation,fiscal and legislative support and monitoring of different types of underwater cultural heritage protected areas through a cooperative mechanism.Its legislative and protection management experiences have practical significance for the revision of Regulations on the Conservation and Management of Underwater Cultural Relics in the adjustment of national parks,coastal management,and regional comprehensive resource protection,heritage protection and social utilization in China.