灵山、祥瑞与诗迹入画:3种文化传统对麦积山文化景观的塑造

Holy Mountain, Auspiciousness and Poetic Traces into Paintings:Three Cultural Traditions Shaping the Cultural Landscape of Maiji Mountain

麦积山坐落于群山之中,呈现出“四周环绕中央”的空间布局。从文化景观的角度,尤其是以自然基础、物质实体与观念行为三要素,对麦积山进行静态阐释的研究较为普遍。文章通过田野调查与文献调查方法,重回更基本的“人对自然持续的作用”层面考察及三要素的互动形成过程,归纳出佛教传统、政治传统以及文人传统3类观念,对麦积山的崖体、崖体上的佛塔、特定天气下的崖体及周边环境等自然基础和物质实体进行的营造,相继形成了佛教灵山、与有关的祥瑞的舍利塔、山寺、麦积烟雨等文化景观。

Maiji Mountain is located amidst other mountains, set in a “centrally-surrounded” spatial layout. From the perspective of cultural landscape, it is common to study the static interpretation of Mount Maiji in terms of three elements: natural foundation, material entity and conceptual behavior. This paper examines the interactive formation process of the three elements through fieldwork and literature survey methods, and summarizes the three types of concepts, namely Buddhist tradition, political tradition, and literati tradition, that have led to human acts on the natural bases and material entities such as the cliff, the stupa on the cliff body, and the cliff and surrounding environment under specific weather in Mount Maiji,successively forming cultural landscapes including the Buddhist spiritual mountain, the relic pagoda with related auspiciousness, the mountain temple, and the Smoky Maiji cliff.