国外长输管道失效事故调查标准及推荐做法

Standards and Recommended Practices for Investigation of Long-distance Pipeline Fail⁃ure Accidents in Foreign Countries

随着长输管道的快速发展,国家高度重视管道事故调查工作,但目前还未制定管道事故调查的国家和行业标准。鉴于国内将长输管道按照承压设备进行安全监管,根据美国石油协会标准APIRP 585—2014《承压设备完整性事件调查》,提出管道行业借鉴承压设备完整性事故调查的理念,分别从事故分级、调查小组、原因分析方法、调查取证和调查员培训等方面研究中美标准的重要差异。总结美国标准先进经验和实践做法,包括按照递增原则规定事故特征,根据事故根本原因改进安全管理体系和企业文化,优先调查易变性证据,人员采访技巧,系统性及专业性事故原因分析方法和事故调查员专业培训等。借鉴美标先进对标成果对于提升管道安全管理水平及制定管道事故调查标准具有指导意义。

With the rapid development of long-distance pipelines,China attaches great importance to pipeline accidents investigation.However,national and industrial standards for pipeline accident investi-gation have not been developed.In view of the fact that the safety supervision of long-distance pipelines in China is in accordance with pressure equipment,according to the American Petroleum Institute standard API RP585-2014"Pressure equipment integrity Incident Investigation",the concept of pipe-line industry learning from pressure equipment integrity accident investigation is put forward.This paper studies the important differences between Chinese and American standards from the aspects of accident classification,investigation team,cause analysis method,investigation and evidence collection,and investigator training.The advanced experience and practice of American standards are summarized,in-cluding:specifying accident characteristics according to the principle of increasing,improving the safety management system and corporate culture according to the root causes of accidents,giving priority to investigation of volatile evidence,personnel interview skills,systematic and professional accident cause analysis methods,and professional training of accident investigators,etc.The advanced benchmarking results of American Standard have guiding significance for improving the level of pipeline safety manage-ment and developing pipeline accident investigation standards.