国内外建筑工程安全管理主要成就:基于安全事故、安全管理制度及相关文献的研究

Main achievements of construction engineering safety management:review of safety accidents,safety management system,and relevant literature

为提高建筑工程安全管理水平,分析世界范围建筑工程安全事故特征,探究典型的国家制度安排,总结学术研究的成果和不足。结果表明:世界范围的建筑工程安全事故的整体趋势是从事故数量较多但致死率较低,转变为事故数量较少但致死率较高;我国事故数量和致死率呈现先上升后下降的趋势,并维持在较低水平。美国更关注制度底层(企业及市场)的安全管理,中国和越南更重视制度的顶层(律法与组织)设计,新加坡则对二者均有严格把控。学术研究在确定安全评价指标体系,探究事故发生和应对机制,测算安全管理投入,分析安全氛围作用机制等4个方面,取得丰硕成果。

In order to improve the safety management level of construction engineering,the characteristics of construction engineering safety accidents in the world were analyzed,the typical national institutional arrangements were explored,and the achievements and shortcomings of academic research were summarized.The results show that the overall trend of construction engineering safety accidents in the world changed from a large number of accidents with a low fatality rate to a small number of accidents with a high fatality rate,and the number of accidents and fatality rate in China increased first and then decreased,and remained at a low level.More attention has been paid to safety management at the bottom of the system(enterprise and market)in the United States,and design at the top of institutions(laws and organizations)has been more important in China and Vietnam,and both have been tightly controlled in Singapore.Fruitful results in four aspects have been achieved of literature research,safety evaluation indicators have been determined,safety accident occurrence and response mechanism have been explored,safety management investment has been calculated,and safety atmosphere measurement and mechanism have also been analyzed.