金融机构涉非法集资犯罪之非法性的司法认定

Judicial Determination of the Illegality of the Crime of Illegal Fund-raising in Financial Institutions

非法集资犯罪中非法性的判断遵循形式与实质相结合的标准,本质应当是违反金融交易秩序并危及公众资金安全。因此,任何金融机构在违反金融管理法律规定吸收资金时,都可以被评价为该类犯罪中的“非法性”特征,商业银行等金融机构也不能例外。当然,能够成为犯罪主体与实际被追究单位责任是不同的。对于金融机构人员涉嫌非法集资犯罪时,是否可以认定单位不法,应当从单位意志的角度进行判断,构建单位决策与单位成员相结合的二元认定路径。

The judgment of illegality in the crime of illegal fund-raising follows the standard of combining form and substance.Its essence is to violate the financial transaction order and endanger the safety of public funds.Therefore,any financial institution that absorbs funds in violation of financial management laws can be evaluated as “illegal” in this type of crime,and financial institutions such as commercial banks are no exception.Of course,being the subject of a crime is different from the actual unit being held accountable.For financial institution personnel suspected of illegal fund-raising crimes,whether the unit can be identified as illegal,should be judged from the perspective of the unit’s will,and a binary identification path combining unit decision-making and unit members should be constructed.