中立帮助行为可罚性标准之重构——基于客观定义的视角

Inspection and Breaking:Reconstruction of the Punishability Standard of Neutral Helping Behavior from an Objective Perspective

全面处罚说和限制处罚说均未对中立帮助行为可罚性问题的解决提供一条合理路径,原因在于未厘清刑法上帮助行为的处罚本质。修正的折衷说从客观视角对中立帮助行为下定义,摆脱了主观视角和社会价值视角下传统帮助犯的形式主义认定路径,为帮助行为的实质解释留下空间。客观方面,正犯行为的违法性只是帮助行为具有可罚性的前提条件,判断是否成立帮助犯还需要对帮助行为的法益侵害危险性程度进行判断,当正犯行为的法益侵害紧迫性致使中立帮助行为具有不可替代性时具有刑事违法性;主观方面对正犯行为和危害结果的发生必须达到高度盖然性或者确定性的认识程度,意志因素既包括放任发生也包括希望发生。修正的折衷说为“治理”中立帮助行为可罚性的“疑难杂症”提供了一剂“良方”,推进了我国刑法的实质化进程。

The comprehensive punishment theory and the limited punishment theory do not provide a reasonable path to solve the problem of the punishability of neutral help behavior,because they do not clarify the punishment essence of help behavior in criminal law.The revised compromise theory defines the neutral helping behavior from an objective perspective,gets rid of the formalism identification path of the traditional helping crime from the subjective perspective and the social value perspective,and leaves space for the substantive interpretation of the helping behavior.The objective aspect adopts a dual perspective of inter-subject and unilateral.When the urgency of the infringement of legal interests of the principal offender makes the act of neutral help irreplaceable,it is punishable;subjectively,the occurrence of principal offender behavior and harmful results must reach a high degree of probability or certainty,including both laissez faire and hope.The revised compromise theory promotes the substantive process of China’s criminal law.