财政分权和环境规制对中国生态福利绩效的影响

Impacts of Fiscal Decentralization and Environmental Regulations on Ecological Welfare Performance in China

基于超效率数据包络分析模型测度2004—2017年中国30个省(自治区、市)的生态福利绩效水平,运用动态空间杜宾模型分析财政分权和环境规制对中国生态福利绩效的影响。结果表明:研究期内中国生态福利绩效整体水平出现下降,呈现较平缓的W型变化,区域按生态福利绩效水平由高到低的顺序是中部、东部、西部地区;生态福利绩效存在明显的正向时间滞后和空间关联效应,滞后一期生态福利绩效存在空间扩散效应;财政分权和收费型环境规制对生态福利绩效具有抑制作用,而投资型环境规制则具有促进作用;产业结构升级、城市化、研发投入和绿化水平的提升有助于提高生态福利绩效水平;财政分权和投资型环境规制对东部地区生态福利绩效具有促进作用,对中部、西部地区生态福利绩效则具有抑制作用;收费型环境规制对东部、中部地区生态福利绩效产生正面影响,而对西部地区生态福利绩效则具有负面影响。

Based on super efficiency data envelopment analysis model,ecological welfare performance levels of 30 provinces(autonomous regions and cities)in China from 2004 to 2017 were measured.Dynamic spatial Durbin model was used to analyze impacts of fiscal decentralization and environmental regulations on ecological welfare performance in China.The results show that during the study period,the overall level of ecological welfare performance in China declines,showing a relatively flat W-shaped trend.The regions are the central,eastern,and western regions in the order of ecological welfare performance from high to low.The ecological welfare performance has obvious positive time lag and spatial correlation effects,and the first lagging period of ecological welfare performance has spatial diffusion effects.The fiscal decentralization and fee-based environmental regulation inhibit the ecological welfare performance,while the investment-based environmental regulation promotes the ecological welfare performance.The upgrading of industrial structure,urbanization,research and development investment,as well as greening level help to improve the levels of ecological welfare performance.The fiscal decentralization and investment-based environmental regulation have a promoting impact on the ecological welfare performance in the eastern region and a restraining impact on the ecological welfare performance in the central and western regions.The fee-based environmental regulation has a positive impact on the ecological welfare performance in the eastern and central regions,and has a negative impact on the ecological welfare performance in the western region.