控制灌溉条件下不同氨基酸水溶肥对水稻生长和产量的影响

Effect of Different Soluble Amino Acid fertilizers on Rice Growth under Controlled Irrigation

【目的】探讨控制灌溉条件下不同氨基酸水溶肥对水稻生长和氮素吸收利用的影响,为氨基酸水溶肥在稻田的推广应用提供理论依据。【方法】以控制灌溉条件下的稻田为研究对象,将当地农民常规施肥方式(CF)作为对照,在2018年设置3个氨基酸水溶肥追肥处理(CWSF_(244)、CWSF_(214)和CWSF_(184)),总施氮量分别为244、214 kg/hm^(2)和184 kg/hm^(2),2019年在214 kg/hm^(2)总施氮量的基础上,调整水稻不同生育期的施氮比例,设置CWSF_(214)-I1、CWSF_(214)-I2和CWSF_(214)-I3三个前氮后移处理,每个处理重复3次。【结果】2018年,各处理在减少施氮的情况下,水稻植株高度、干物质积累量和SPAD的变化趋势与CF无显著差异,施用氨基酸水溶肥提高了氮素吸收利用率,增加了籽粒吸氮量占总吸氮量的比例,其中CWSF_(214)处理是保证产量和总吸氮量的最佳施肥处理。2019年,在最佳施肥处理(CWSF_(214)处理)的基础上,前氮后移处理CWSF_(214)-I1和CWSF_(214)-I2下的籽粒吸氮量较CF分别增加了13.38%、11.41%,NRE分别提高了18.09%、27.46%,产量分别提高了4.55%、5.37%。【结论】综合考虑节水、水稻高产和施氮量等因素,CWSF_(214)-I1处理和CWSF_(214)-I2处理是适宜于长江中下游地区控制灌溉稻田理想的施肥策略。

【Objective】Nitrogen fertilizer is essential to maintaining crop growth and yield,but its excessive or insufficient application has been a problem facing rice production in China.The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of soluble amino acid fertilizers(CWSF)on growth and yield,as well as nitrogen absorption and utilization of the rice.【Method】The experiment was conducted in 2018 at a water-saving irrigated rice field.In terms of nitrogen,we compared three CWSF treatments with nitrogen applied at 244 kg/hm^(2)(CWSF_(244)),214 kg/hm^(2)(CWSF_(214))and 184 kg/hm^(2)(CWSF_(184)),respectively.The control was traditional fertilization used by local farmers(CF).CWSF in each treatment was applied with irrigation at different fertilization rates.During the experiment,we measured rice growth and yield,as well as nitrogen uptake by the crop.【Result】There was no significant difference in canopy height,tiller numbers and chlorophyll content between CWSF and CF.CWSF fertilized less nitrogen than CF,but did not result in noticeable reductions in physiological growth index.CWSF improved the ratio of grain nitrogen uptake to total nitrogen,despite its reduced nitrogen application.Comprehensive analysis showed that CWSF_(214) was the minimum fertilization for increasing grain nitrogen absorption and utilization of nitrogen fertilizer without leading to a yield loss.We also found that compared to CF,CWSF_(214)-I1 and CWSF_(214)-I2 increased nitrogen absorption efficiency by 18.09%and 27.46%,grain nitrogen content by 13.38%and 11.41%,respectively.【Conclusion】Considering water saving,grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency,CWSF_(214)-I1 and CWSF_(214)-I2 are optimal and can be used as an improved nitrogen fertilization,combined with controlled irrigation,for rice production in the low reaches of the Yangtze River.