海洋生态损害赔偿范围之边界——以《民法典》第1235条为分析进路

The Boundary of the Scope of Compensation for Damage to Marine Ecological Environment——Taking Article 1235 of Civil Code as the Analytical Approach

我国《民法典》调整“环境污染”和“生态破坏”两种环境侵权行为所导致的生态损害。我国《海洋环境保护法》仅调整“环境污染型海洋生态损害”而忽略“生态破坏型海洋生态损害”。与传统民事损害相对明确且固定的特征相异,“海洋生态损害”的特殊性决定其范围呈现动态化特征。“海洋生态损害”赔偿范围的界定应当兼顾损害赔偿机制若干基本原则,重视生态修复费用与永久性损失的界限与衔接,建立海洋生态动态索赔机制。

The Civil Code regulates ecological damage caused by both environmental torts of “environmental pollution” and “ecological damage”. The Marine Environmental Protection Law only regulates “environmental pollution-type marine ecological damage” and ignores “ecological destruction-type marine ecological damage”. Unlike traditional civil damages, which are relatively clear and fixed, the scope of “marine ecological damage” is dynamic in nature. The definition of the scope of compensation for “marine ecological damage” should take into account certain basic principles of the compensation mechanism, pay attention to the boundary between ecological restoration costs and permanent losses, and establish a dynamic claim mechanism for marine ecology.