超长重载列车紧急制动防止列车脱轨创新模式的研究

Study on the Innovative Mode of Emergency Braking of Long and Heavy Haul Trains against Train Derailment

经过多年超长重载列车的操纵实践,研究发现,1 800 m以上的超长重载列车在紧急制动时,从列车头部向列车尾部迅速逐辆传递危险的抬挤力矩,该现象称为“撞墙效应”。在超长重载组合列车中,列车抬挤现象更为明显,列车中部车辆脱轨概率增大,严重威胁超长重载列车的运行安全。本文创新提出现有由前向后挤压式紧急制动停车,转换为更安全可靠的拉伸式停车的新思路,将制动力矩“由前向后”传递改为“由后向前”传递,降低了超长重载列车在紧急制动时的脱轨风险。

After years of operation practice of long and heavy haul trains, studies found that, in case of emergency braking of long and heavy haul trains of above 1,800 m, dangerous "lifting and squeezing torque" is rapidly transmitted from train head to train tail, which is called "hitting the wall". The long and heavy-haul combined trains will be lifted and squeezed obviously, and the cars in the middle of a train are apt to derail, which seriously threatens the safe operation of long and heavy haul trains. An innovative idea proposed in this paper is to change from front-to-back squeeze-type emergency braking stop to more safe and reliable tension-type stop, and change the transmission of braking torque from "front-to-back" to“back-to-front”, reducing the derailment risk of long and heavy haul trains in case of emergency braking.