历史唯物主义视域下的行为功利主义

Act Utilitarianism in the Perspective of Historical Materialism

行为功利主义是指以行为的效果来确定行为正当与否的伦理学理论。从历史唯物主义视域看,行为功利主义将经验主义和抽象的人性论作为理论基础,得出的个人本位的利益取向无法正确处理人与社会的关系,其普遍化仁慈等理念也并非推动社会历史发展的根本动力。唯有以唯物史观为指导,着眼于人的自然性和类特性的统一,将个人置于其所属的社会之中,并以集体利益为价值导向,致力于维护最广大人民的根本利益,从而实现个人利益与集体利益的辩证统一,进一步辩证考察行为功利主义的存在价值和内在缺陷,才能为人们的价值判断和行为选择提供合理的方向与路径。

Act utilitarianism refers to the ethical theory that determines whether an act is justified or not on the outcome of the act.In the perspective of historical materialism, act materialism, taking empiricism and the abstract human nature theory as its theoretical basis, holds that personal interest orientation cannot handle the relationship between man and society correctly, and its concept of universal benevolence is not the fundamental driving force to boost the development of society and history.Only guided by historical materialism towards the unity of human nature and class characteristics, putting individuals in the society to which they belong, and taking collective interests as the value orientation to safeguard the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority for realization of the dialectical unity of personal interests and collective interests and deeper investigation of value and intrinsic defects of utilitarianism, can a reasonable path be achieved for human value determination and act choice.