三星堆青铜立人像近东文化因素的图像学研究

An Iconographic Study of Near Eastern Elements in the Sanxingdui Standing Man Statue

1986年,三星堆二号祭祀坑出土青铜立人像等与中国先秦人像造型殊异的青铜人像(面具)。对于这些青铜人像,学界的主流意见是持商周中原文化来源论,非主流意见则持近东古代文化来源论。值得注意的是,两种主张都缺少具体的图像学比较研究,而失于空疏泛说。本文通过对三星堆青铜立人像、西周中期男铜人像和近东古代青铜巴尔神像等三个文化源地人像的图像学比较研究,落实青铜立人像与近东古代人像造型的亲缘性,为深入探讨青铜立人像的跨国文化来源提供参考。

In 1986,bronze statues and masks,including the standing man statue,distinctively different from the ones of Pre-Qin dynasties were unearthed from the No.2"sacrificial pit"of Sanxingdui.Regarding the cultural origin of these bronze figures,the mainstream theory holds that it was the Shang and Zhou culture and the Central Plains culture,while an alternative opinion suggests the influence of the ancient Near East,yet both lack evidences of comparative iconographic studies.This article makes a comparative iconographic study of statues from different cultural origins including the Sanxingdui standing man statue,the man statue of the mid Western Zhou dynasty,and the Baal statue from the ancient Near East,discussing the affinity between the standing man statue and the Baal statue to explore the transnational cultural origin of the former.