中国特色社会主义市场经济工资运动规律辨析

An Analysis of the Law of Wage Movement in the Socialist Market Economy with Chinese Characteristics

马克思依据他所处的自由竞争资本主义时代社会经济发展实践,科学地揭示了资本主义市场经济中工资的本质及其运动表现形式。同时,在工资理论中,马克思也实质性发现了市场经济条件下工资运动的一般规律,即劳动力价值规律。劳动力价值规律的理论内涵是:工资由劳动力价值决定,同时受到劳动力供求关系以及劳资竞争情境的影响围绕劳动力价值上下波动。以此为基本原理,结合中国特色社会主义的本质要求,可以归纳总结出中国特色社会主义市场经济工资运动规律。不同于劳动力价值规律在资本主义市场经济中的表现形式,中国特色社会主义市场经济工资运动规律的内涵体现在以下三个方面:一是人民的“生活需要”决定了劳动者的劳动力价值;二是劳动力供求所形成的产业后备军不会成为压低工资的绝对杠杆;三是我国基本社会制度保证了劳资正和关系在我国是可以实现的。在这三方面因素的共同作用下,工资会呈现出围绕劳动力价值波动的基本趋势。在新时代面对人民追求美好生活的大背景下,阐明中国特色社会主义市场经济工资运动规律对找到提高劳动者工资收入的正确理路无疑具有重要的理论指导和现实意义。

Marx scientifically revealed the essence of wage and its movement in the capitalist market economy based on the practice of social and economic development in the era of free competition capitalism.At the same time,in his wage theory,Marx also found the general law of wage movement in the condition of market economy,that is,the law of labor-force value.The theoretical connotation of the law of labor-force value is that the wage is determined by the value of labor-force,and fluctuates around the value of labor-force under the influence of labor supply and demand and labor-capital competition.Taking this as the basic principle and combining with the essential requirements of socialism with Chinese characteristics,we can sum up the law of wage movement in the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics.Different from the manifestation of the law of labor-force value in capitalist market economy,the connotation of the law of wage movement in socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics is reflected in the following three aspects:first,people’s“life needs”determine the value of labor force;second,the“industrial reserve army”formed by labor supply and demand will not become the absolute lever to depress wages;third,China’s basic social system ensures that the positive labor-capital relationship can be realized.Under the joint action of these three factors,wages will show a basic trend of fluctuation around the labor-force value.On the background of people’s pursuit of a better life in the new era,it is undoubtedly of great theoretical guidance and practical significance to clarify the law of wage movement in the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics for finding the right way to improve the wage income of laborers.