氢燃料电池汽车变质量加注过程建模与分析

Modeling and analysis of variable mass filling process for hydrogen fuel cell vehicle

在燃料电池汽车快速加注氢气的过程中,由于氢气的快速压缩及所导致的氢气速率快速上升,会产生安全隐患。通过建立适用于加注过程的传热模型,准确预测整个操作过程中的车载储氢瓶瓶内温度,并据此以变质量流量进行加注模拟,得到氢气在加注过程中温度、加注率、能耗等参数的变化。结果表明:不同的加氢速率不仅影响氢气加注时间,还影响着储氢瓶充满状态时氢气的温度;加氢速率越高,氢气加注时间越短,储氢瓶充满状态时的氢气最终温度越高,对加氢站预冷系统的要求越高;在变质量加注时,充装满所需时间、氢气终温、期间的冷却能耗只与变质量加注在加注期间的平均质量流量有关,与其质量流量波动无关;只要平均加注速率相同,其充装满所需时间、氢气终温、期间的冷却能耗一定相同。

In the process of rapid hydrogen filling for fuel cell vehicles,the rapid compression of hydrogen will lead to rapid rise of hydrogen rate,resulting in potential safety hazards.Through the heat transfer model applicable to the filling process,the temperature in the on-board hydrogen storage bottle during the whole operation process can be correctly predicted.Based on this,the filling simulation is carried out at a variable mass rate,and the changes of temperature,filling rate,energy consumption and other parameters during the filling process of hydrogen are obtained.The results show that,different hydrogenation rates not only affect the filling time of hydrogen,but also affect the temperature of hydrogen when the hydrogen storage bottle is full.The higher the hydrogenation rate,the shorter the hydrogen filling time,and the higher the final hydrogen temperature when the hydrogen storage bottle is full.During variable mass filling,the time required for filling,the final temperature of hydrogen,and the cooling energy consumption during the filling are only related to the average mass flow of variable mass filling during the filling period,and have nothing to do with the fluctuation of its mass rate.