云南省纳西族居民糖尿病患病、知晓、治疗和控制率的变化趋势研究

Study on the Trends in Prevalence,Awareness,Treatment,and Control of Diabetes among NaXi Ethnic Minority in Yunnan Province

目的分析云南省纳西族糖尿病患病、知晓、治疗和控制率的变化趋势。方法采用重复横断面设计,于2013年和2018年采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法在云南玉龙县分别抽取1402名和1426名35岁及以上常住纳西族居民进行问卷调查和体格检查。结果2018年调查人群糖尿病前期和糖尿病患病率分别为19.5%和8.6%,知晓、治疗和控制率分别为52.8%、89.2%和29.2%。2013年1~2月至2018年1~2月期间,调查人群糖尿病前期患病率无明显变化,但65岁及以上老年人、初中及以上学历者和人均收入高者糖尿病前期患病率分别从21.5%、17.7%和17.9%上升至28.9%、22.3%和23.6%(P<0.05);糖尿病患病率由4.1%增长至8.6%(P<0.001),且分性别、年龄段、文化程度和家庭人均收入的糖尿病患病率也呈上升趋势(均P<0.05);糖尿病知晓率由69.0%下降至52.8%;糖尿病治疗率和控制率无明显变化(均P>0.05),但女性、55-64岁、小学及以下学历和人均收入低的糖尿病患者治疗率分别从71.4%、62.5%、57.9%和71.4%上升至93.9%、95.0%、88.9%和90.5%(均P<0.05)。结论纳西族居民糖尿病的患病率呈上升趋势,而知晓率呈下降趋势,治疗率和控制率无明显变化。应根据不同特征人群采取有效措施降低糖尿病前期和糖尿病的患病率,提高知晓率和控制率,延缓糖尿病的发生和发展。

Objective To analyze the trends in prevalence,awareness,treatment,and control of diabetes mellitus(DM)among NaXi ethnic minority people in Yunnan Province.Methods A repeated crosssectional design was adopted,and a total of 1402 permanent NaXi residents aged≥35 years in 2013 and 1426 in 2018 were selected by multi-stage stratified random sampling.Participants received a questionnaire survey and physical examination.Results In 2018,the prevalence of prediabetes and DM among the surveyed population were 19.5%and 8.6%,while the awareness,treatment,and control of diabetes were 52.8%,89.2%,and 29.2%,respectively.From 2013 to 2018,there was no significant change in the prevalence of pre-diabetes among the surveyed population,whereas the prevalence of prediabetes among the elderly aged 65 years and over,those with junior high school educational level and above,and those with high annual household income increased from 21.5%,17.7%,and 17.9%to 28.9%,22.3%,and 23.6%,respectively(all P<0.05).The prevalence of DM increased from 4.1%to 8.6%(P<0.001).And the prevalence of DM among the subgroups categorized by sex,age,education level,and income level this increasing rate was also observed in upward trends(all P<0.05).The awareness rate of DM decreased from 69.0%to 52.8%(P<0.05).There was no significant change in treatment and control rate of DM(all P>0.05),whereas the rate of treatment among diabetic persons who are female,aged 55-64 years and persons with primary school educational level and below,and persons with low annual household income increased from 71.4%,62.5%,57.9%,and 71.4%to 93.9%,95.0%,88.9%,and 90.5%respectively(all P<0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of DM among Na Xi residents shows an increasing trend,while the awareness rate shows a decreasing trend.There is no significant change in the treatment rate and control rate.It should take specific effective measures to reduce the prevalence of prediabetes and DM,and improve the awareness rate and control rate,so as to delay the occurrence and development of DM.