不同年龄组HIV/AIDS患者心脏彩超和颈动脉超声的特征分析

Characterization of Cardiac Color Ultrasonography and Carotid Ultrasonography in HIV/AIDS Patients in Different Age Groups

目的分析不同年龄组HIV/AIDS患者心脏彩超和颈动脉超声的特点。方法采用横断面研究方法,选取2020年12月1日至2021年11月30日在昆明市第三人民医院感染科就诊行心脏彩超和颈动脉超声检查的HIV/AIDS患者,根据WHO公布的年龄分组标准,分为青年组(≤44岁)98例(28.0%)、中年组(45~59岁)166例(47.4%)和老年组(≥60岁)86例(24.6%),采用Excel和SPSS26.0对数据进行整理和分析。结果不同年龄组在民族、吸烟、传播途径、有高血压、有糖尿病及有肝炎及方面,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);心脏彩超和颈动脉超声的异常情况在不同年龄组中存在着差异(P<0.05),且随着年龄的增加,超声检查的异常情况呈逐渐增加的趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)分别为107.148、77.666,P_(趋势)值均<0.05)。在心脏彩超和颈动脉超声检查的异常结果中,不同年龄组在左室舒张功能障碍、主动脉钙化、肺动脉收缩压升高、主动脉瓣反流、室间隔增厚、左右房内径增大、右室内径增大、二尖瓣钙化、颈部有无斑块、双侧颈动脉内膜中层厚度增厚、右侧颈内动脉峰值流速及双侧颈内动脉阻力指数方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中左心室舒张功能障碍的发生最常见。结论不同年龄组HIV/AIDS患者心脏彩超和颈动脉超声的异常情况及异常的表现存在着差异,临床医生应根据患者的临床表现及超声的检查结果,对不同年龄组HIV/AIDS患者相关心血管疾病做出及时地诊断。

Objective Cross-sectional study of the characteristics of cardiac color ultrasonography and carotid ultrasonography in different age groups of patients with HIV/AIDS. Methods This study collected data from HIV/AIDS patients,who attended the Department of Infection Ⅰ at the Third People’s Hospital of Kunming from December 1, 2020 to November 30, 2021, and the patients underwent the cardiac color ultrasonography and carotid ultrasonography. Patients was divided into 98 cases(28.0%) in the young group (≤44 years old) and 166cases(47.4%) in the middle-aged group(45-59 years old) and 86 cases(24.6%) in the elderly group (≥60 years old), according to the age grouping criteria published by WHO,and the data were organized and analyzed using Excel and SPSS26.0. Results In accordance with our study, there were statistically significant differences between age groups in terms of ethnicity,smoking,route of transmission,presence of hypertension,diabetes mellitus,and presence of hepatitis and(P<0.05);the abnormalities of cardiac color ultrasonography and carotid ultrasonography were different in different age groups(P<0.05). Additionally,there was a gradually increasing trend in the abnormalities of ultrasound examination (χ^(2)_(trend) were 107.148,77.666,all P trend values<0.05). Among the abnormal findings of cardiac color ultrasonography and carotid ultrasonography in different age groups,there were statistically significant differences in the incidence rate of the following indicators(P<0.05),such as left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, aortic calcification, elevated pulmonary artery systolic pressure, aortic regurgitation, ventricular septal thickening, increased right and left atrial internal diameter, increased right ventricular internal diameter, mitral valve calcification, presence of plaque in the neck, whether there was thickening of the intima-media thickness of the carotid arteries bilaterally, the peak flow velocity of the right internal carotid artery and bilateral internal carotid artery resistance index. Of those, the incidence rate of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction was most common. Conclusions For patients with HIV/AIDS in different age groups,differences in the abnormal findings and abnormal presentation of cardiac color ultrasonography and carotid ultrasonography. Based on the clinical manifestations and ultrasound findings of the patients,clinicians should make timely diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases associated with HIV/AIDS patients in different age groups.