杭州市售水产品中有害元素污染状况及膳食暴露风险评估

Pollution status of toxic elements in commercial aquatic products in Hangzhou City and its dietary exposure assessment

目的了解杭州市售水产品中铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、砷(As)、汞(Hg)、镍(Ni)、铬(Cr)的污染状况,并对膳食暴露风险进行评估。方法对2019年—2021年采集的724份市售水产品,采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法进行测定,通过模型计算每人每周暴露量,对11种水产品中该6种有害元素原色的膳食暴露风险进行评估。结果市售水产品样品中,样品超标率为0.8%(淡水虾类中Cd)~100%(虾姑中Cd)。水产品中Pb、Cd、Hg、Ni、Cr对低、中、高膳食暴露人群的健康风险处于可接受范围(MOS:3.11~369),而As对高膳食暴露人群的健康风险较大(MOS<1)。不同类别水产品对Pb、Cd、Hg、Ni、Cr、As膳食暴露的贡献具有明显的差异。结论杭州市售水产品中存在不同程度的有害元素超标现象。除高膳食暴露水平下的As会引起较大健康风险外,居民通过水产品膳食摄入Pb、Cd、Hg、Ni、Cr的风险较低。

Objective To understand the pollution of Pb,Cd,As,Hg,Ni,Cr in aquatic products from Hangzhou markets and investigate its dietary exposure risk.Methods A total of 724 commercial aquatic product samples were collected during2019—2021 and measured by Microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).Then weekly intake and the dietary exposure risk of 6 elements in 11 different aquatic products were investigated by the model calculations.Results In commercial aquatic product samples,rate of over permitted standard was 0.8%(Cd in freshwater shrimp)-100%(Cd in mantis shrimp).For low,medium,high dietary exposure people,dietary exposure risk of Pb,Cd,Hg,Ni,Cr in aquatic products were at acceptable level(MOS:3.11-369).While dietary exposure risk of As was excessive for high dietary exposure people(MOS<1).The contribution of different aquatic products to dietary exposure of Pb,Cd,Hg,Ni,Cr and As were significantly different.Conclusion There were different levels of toxic elements exceeding standard in aquatic products from Hangzhou markets.The risk of dietary intake of Pb,Cd,Hg,Ni and Cr through aquatic products was relatively low,except that As may cause greater health risk under the high dietary exposure level of intake of aquatic products.