從羈縻靜邊州的變化看早期党項拓跋氏的嬗替

Study on the Substitution among Toba Clans with Reference to the Evolvement of Jingbian Subordinated Prefecture

本文藉助《拓跋守寂墓詩》等出土材料,結合傅世文獻中關於党項羈糜州的記載,釐清了党項拓跋氏早期内遷唐朝的過程。包括原靜邊州部聚在内的党項部落由拓跋赤辭一支率領,自乾封年間(666-668)起陸續從松州附近遷徙至慶州,唐廷遂將靜邊州改設於此。後鄯州附近的拓跋立伽一支於儀鳳年間(676-679)遷徙至銀州。開元二年(714)唐廷將靜邊州徙至銀州,都督亦變馬立伽之孫拓跋後那,由此完成了拓跋氏酋首在不同支屬及不同地域之間的嬗替。

Based on the unearthed materials such as the Epitaph of Tuoba Shouji and historical materials related to the Tangut subordinate prefectures,this paper clarified the early migration process of Tangut tribes.First,tribes including those of Jingbian subordinate prefecture,led by the clan of Tuoba Chici gradually moved from Songzhou to Qingzhou since Qianfeng Era(666-667),and Jingbian subordinate prefecture was eventually moved to Qingzhou.Later,during Yifeng Era(676-679),tribes near Shanzhou led by the clan of Tuoba Lijia moved to Yinzhou.In the second year of Kaiyuan Era(714),the Tang court moved Jingbian subordinate prefecture to Yinzhou,and the governor-general was replaced by Lijia's grandson,Houna.Thus,the substitution of leading clans among different origins was completed.