妊娠期糖尿病患者孕期营养监测联合规律性运动对母婴血糖变化和免疫水平的影响

Effects of nutrition monitoring during pregnancy combined with regular exercise on blood glucose and immune level of mothers and infants in patients with gestational diabetes

目的探究妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者孕期营养监测联合规律性运动对母婴血糖变化和免疫水平的影响。方法选取2019年1月至2020年1月该院100例GDM患者,随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各50例,对照组行孕期营养监测,观察组在对照组的基础上实施规律运动干预,连续干预3个月。比较两组母婴血糖指标水平;CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)水平。结果干预前两组患者血糖水平各项指标比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后两组患者血糖各项指标均曾下降趋势,观察组降低幅度更明显,干预前后及干预后两组血糖水平比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后观察组新生儿空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平分别为(3.57±0.34、5.75±0.92、3.15±0.52),均显高于对照组FPG、2hPBG、HbA1c水平(2.62±0.26、4.67±1.02、2.42±0.44),差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预前两组患者CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后两组患者CD3^(+)(75.48±3.49、73.08±3.04)%、CD4^(+)(40.60±2.45、31.93±1.44)%,高于干预前,CD8^(+)(20.21±3.68)%低于干预前,观察组各项指标变化幅度显著大于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后观察组新生儿CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)水平分别为(70.65±3.26、42.59±3.62)%,显著高于对照组(62.16±2.65、34.29±2.24)%,CD8^(+)水平观察组(25.37±2.62)%,显著低于对照组(31.67±2.51)%,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论孕期营养监测联合规律性运动应用于GDM患者中,其不仅能够显著改善患者本身的血糖和免疫水平,而且还能有效降低新生儿低血糖的风险和提高其免疫水平,值得临床参考。

Objective To explore the effect of nutritional monitoring combined with regular exercise on maternal and infant blood glucose and immune level in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Methods One hundred patients with GDM in our hospital from January 2019 to January 2020 were randomly divided into control group and observation group,with 50 cases in each group.The control group was moni-tored for nutrition during pregnancy,and the observation group implemented regular exercise intervention on the basis of the control group for 3 months.The levels of maternal and infant blood glucose were compared be-tween the two groups;CD3^(+),CD4^(+),CD8^(+)levels.Results There was no significant difference in blood glu-cose levels between the two groups before intervention(P>0.05);After the intervention,all indexes of blood glucose in the two groups had a downward trend,and the decreasing range in the observation group was more obvious.There was significant difference in blood glucose levels between the two groups before and after the intervention(P<0.05);After the intervention,the levels of FPG,2hpbg and HbA1c in the observation group were(3.57±0.34,5.75±0.92 and 3.15±0.52)respectively,which were significantly higher than those in the control group(2.62±0.26,4.67±1.02 and 2.42±0.44),the difference were statistically significant(P<0.05);There was no significant difference in the levels of CD3^(+),CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)between the two groups be-fore intervention(P>0.05);After the intervention,the levels of CD3^(+)(75.48±3.49,73.08±3.04)%,CD4^(+)(40.60±2.45,31.93±1.44)%,CD8^(+)(20.21±3.68)%,and CD8^(+)(20.21±3.68)%,in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);After the intervention,the levels of CD3^(+)and CD4^(+)in the observation group were(70.65±3.26 and 42.59±3.62)%respectively,which was significantly higher than that in the control group(62.16±2.65 and 34.29±2.24)%,and the level of CD8^(+)in the observation group was(25.37±2.62)%,which was significant-ly lower than that in the control group(31.67±2.51)%.The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The application of nutrition monitoring during pregnancy combined with regular exercise in pa-tients with GDM can not only significantly improve their own blood glucose and immune level,but also effectively re-duce the risk of neonatal hypoglycemia and improve their immune level,which is worthy of clinical reference.