国内外花岗伟晶岩型锂矿找矿预测研究进展

Progress of prospecting prediction research for granitic pegmatite-type lithium deposits at home and abroad

21世纪,随着对锂资源需求的不断增长,找锂矿成为提高锂矿资源保障能力的关键一环。作为锂矿家族中的重要一员,伟晶岩型锂矿床的找矿取得了重要突破,同时在预测理论和找矿技术方面也取得了重要进展。文章主要从6个方面的进展结合实例进行系统总结,以期有助于伟晶岩型锂矿找矿的新突破,包括:(1)地质找矿方向及找矿方法;(2)化探(含重砂)有效指示元素(重砂矿物)以及隐伏矿床化探找矿方法;(3)使用合适的遥感资料识别伟晶岩并判断其含矿性;(4)物探在推断与成矿有关的花岗岩和片(麻)岩穹隆构造以及在刻画伟晶岩岩脉地下空间展布中的作用;(5)各类综合找矿预测模型(或方法组合)的应用及效果;(6)潜在资源量估算的主要方法和与查明资源储量/资源量的区别等。

The demand for lithium has skyrocketed in recent years.To address that demand,the discovery of new lithium deposits is crucial.Many granitic pegmatite-type lithium deposits have been discovered in the past several years,at the same time,many advances in prospecting prediction theories and technologies have been obtained.The main advances include:(1) geological prospecting directions and methods for granitic pegmatite-type lithium deposits;(2) effective elements and natural heavy placer minerals indicating for granitic pegmatite-type lithium deposits,and geochemical exploration methods for buried granitic pegmatite-type lithium deposits;(3) how to use suitable remote sensing data to identify Li-bearing pegmatite;(4) roles of geophysical exploration for inferring the buried granites and gneiss domes associated with granitic pegmatite-type lithium deposits,and for describing space distribution of buried Li-bearing pegmatite veins;(5) application of all kinds of integrated prospecting models for Li-bearing granitic pegmatite;(6) the major estimation methods of potential resources and the distinctions between potential resources and the identified resource/reserves.Those advances will help to find new pegmatite-type lithium deposits.