乡村治理效能提升的困境及解决思路——以历史借鉴为视角

The Difficulties and Solutions of Improving Rural Governance Efficiency:From the Perspective of Historical Experience

影响传统中国基层社会治理效能的关键要素包括文化建设、组织建设、制度建设、保障机制几个方面。文化建设型塑国家认同,奠定社会治理文化基础,并以价值观指引、评判社会治理;组织建设重在选任品行高尚有威望的管理人员,以组织福利凝练利益共同体进而形成治理共同体;制度建设具有针对性、可操作性,进而实现因地、因时、因俗而治;官府为基层治理提供最终保障。这些对今天提升治理效能具有重要借鉴。针对当前乡村治理中存在的问题,应以化礼成俗、善恶评判加强道德建设;把好基层组织用人关,大力发展治理微组织,发挥农民专业合作社治理作用,发展集体经济,夯实治理共同体基础;增强人们的熟悉度以筑牢基层治理的感情基础;增强村规民约的针对性、可操作性和执行力。

The key elements of the governance efficiency of traditional Chinese grass-roots society include cultural development,local organizations,system construction and safeguard system.National identity is conditioned by cultural development in order to establish the foundation of governance and to guide and judge social governance with values.The focus of local organizations are selecting fair and competent personnel,forming a governance community by providing benefits.The important features of system construction are direction and operability to achieve governance according to different practices,places and customs.The government provides the ultimate guarantee for grass-roots governance.To solve that problems of current rural governance,In order to strengthen the foundation of governance community,we should promote rural moral construction by cultivating moral living habits and judging good and evil,employing correct persons,and in micro-organizations,playing the governance role of rural cooperatives,developing rural economy.It should make people more familiar.We should enhance the pertinence,operability and execution of village rules and regulations.