输气管道科技成果经济价值量化评估

Quantitatively evaluate economic value of technological achievements on gas pipelines

科技成果经济价值评估是技术价值市场化商业化、量化考评与有效激励科技人员的重要科学手段。近几年国家相关政策和规范频出,为天然气产业链科技成果经济价值评估与应用奠定了制度基础。针对输气管道单项科技成果经济价值分配率测算,为了有效解决科技成果经济价值评估结果高估现象,应用油气科技成果价值分享理论和收益递进分成法,构建了基于价值溯源的输气管道科技成果经济价值量化评估模型,形成输气管道科技成果经济价值评估的4项关键评估参数的取值方法。研究结果表明:(1)通过天然气利用项目技术经济评价规范评估取得输气管道科技成果效益分配基数,对于经济效益尚无评估结果的,提出不同类型科技成果的收益分配基数评估计算方法及取值要求;(2)坚持输气管道生产要素协同创造价值,依据柯布道格拉斯生产函数以及行业生产要素的收益贡献率分布区间,从输气管道生产要素(资本、管理、劳动、技术)中溯源技术要素的价值指数,确定输气管道技术要素取值范围;(3)依据谱系学原理,通过建立输气管道技术级序体系,依据技术级序结构和层次分析方法,对输气管道溯源技术级序价值指数(价值指数=功能指数/成本指数),确定输气管道技术级序要素分配系数;(4)依据输气管道科技成果的技术创新程度、先进程度、成熟程度等指标,应用层次分析方法,确定技术创新要素分配系数。结论认为,该量化评估模型应用结果较为科学合理,对促进油气输气管道科技成果经济价值评估的市场化、规范化以及科技创新要素市场化配置与激励政策优化等具有重要意义。

Evaluating the economic value is an important means for technological achievements to not only commercialize their technical worth and talents but quantify performance. In recent years, China has rolled out numerous supporting policies and regulations, laying an institutional foundation for this value evaluation and application across the natural gas industry chain. Based on both value distribution rate in single gas pipeline achievement and value-sharing theory as well as the progressive sharing method for achievement earnings, a quantitative evaluation model was set up on the basis of value origin, and 4 methods in setting the key parameters were developed for assessing pipeline achievements. Results show that(1) the evaluation methods and value requirements for different benefit distribution bases are proposed for some projects without evaluation results in line with the Specifications for Technical and Economic Evaluation of Natural Gas Utilization Projects;(2) according to the Cobb-Douglas production function and the distribution of benefit contribution, integrated value creation cross all production factors along pipelines(capital, management, labor and technology) as the value index can be sourced to further define the value range;(3) via establishing a technical hierarchy system with respect to gas pipelines based on technology pedigree, the value index is sourced and the distribution coefficient of technical hierarchy is determined;and(4) the distribution coefficient of technological innovation is defined by using Analytic Hierarchy Process depending on creativity, advancement, and maturity among others. In conclusion, the model’s application effect is sound and feasible, resulting that it is of great significance in commercialized and standardized evaluation on technological achievements in gas pipelines, market-based allocation of technological innovation, and optimized incentives.