民族聚居特困区减贫与乡村振兴有效衔接的机制探索

An Institutional Exploration on the Transformation from Poverty Alleviation to Rural Revitalization in Poverty-Stricken Ethnic Minority Areas

民族聚居特困区乡村振兴与减贫的有效衔接对于实现扶贫效果可持续具有重要意义。凉山州作为典型的民族聚居特困区,长期存在区域发展障碍、贫困人群文化意识落后和社会公共品供给不足等严重问题。而其脱贫和乡村振兴模式的主要特征,体现在发展特色产业突破区域发展瓶颈、补齐教育短板实现扶贫扶智、实行易地搬迁走出贫困陷阱、保护和活化文化遗产以发展民族文化产业四个方面。未来民族特困地区应构建一个“产业—教育—生态—文化—社会”五位一体的发展框架,以实现乡村全面振兴与可持续发展。

An effective institutional transformation from poverty alleviation to rural revitalization is of great importance in achieving the goal of sustainable poverty eradication in poverty-stricken ethnic minority areas in China.Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture,as a typical poverty-stricken ethnic minority area,has long been suffering from problems including major barriers in the process of regional development,adverse cultural practices among impoverished population,insufficient supply of public services and etc.The main characteristics of its poverty alleviation and rural revitalization model are embodied in four aspects:nurturing and strengthening industries based on local specialty to overcome developing obstacles,providing better and more comprehensive educational services to eliminating“education poverty”,implementing poverty alleviation relocation programs to avoid poverty-trap and protecting and revitalizing cultural heritages to promote cultural industries.In the future,it should establish a five-sphere integrated model which advances development of“industrial,educational,ecological,cultural and social”in order to push forward all-round rural revitalization and achieve sustainable rural development.