新发展格局下国内市场与中国企业国际化如何双向赋能?——基于四家中国企业的探索性案例研究

Two-way Enabling Mechanism between Domestic Market and Internationalization of Chinese Enterprises under the New Development Pattern: An Exploratory Case Study Based on Four Chinese Enterprises

构建双循环新发展格局是党中央提出的重大战略部署,但当前学术界对如何从微观企业层面畅通国内国际双循环缺乏理解。本文采用探索性的多案例研究方法,探究国内市场与中国企业国际化之间的双向赋能机制,研究发现:第一,国内市场(内循环)对中国企业国际化(企业层面的外循环)具有重要的赋能作用,也是企业参与国际循环的基本保障,包括制度赋能、要素禀赋赋能和市场赋能。第二,中国企业国际化反过来对国内市场具有赋能效应,包括微观层面(赋能企业国内市场发展,如技术赋能、品牌赋能)和宏观层面(赋能国内经济大循环,如促进相关产业发展、国内消费升级)。第三,由于不同企业的国际化模式和程度、国内国际业务占比不同,其双向赋能的模式、强度以及阶段也存在差异。本文的理论贡献是链接宏观双循环与微观企业,从企业视角揭示国内循环与国际循环之间的互动关系,为国内国际双循环研究提供微观基础。同时,与传统国际商务研究分别关注母国市场与企业国际化之间的单向关系不同,本文关注两者的双向影响机制,有助于深化已有研究。

Building the new development pattern of dual circulation is the major strategic deployment put forward by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, but the current academic circles lack understanding of how to facilitate the dual circulation from the micro enterprise level. Enterprises are the micro market entities of economic cycle, and facilitating domestic and international dual circulation cannot be separated from the deep participation of enterprises. This paper discusses the interactive relationship between domestic circulation and international circulation from the perspective of enterprises, attaching importance to the two-way enabling mechanism between the domestic market(domestic circulation) and the internationalization of Chinese enterprises(international circulation at the enterprise level). It explores the following questions: How does the domestic market enable the internationalization of Chinese enterprises? In turn, how does the internationalization of Chinese enterprises enable the domestic market?Using the exploratory multi-case study method, this paper takes Geely, Haier, Topsun and Great Star as the research objects. The research finds that: Firstly, the domestic market not only has an important role for enabling the internationalization of Chinese enterprises, but also is the basic guarantee for enterprises to participate in the international circulation, including institutional enablement, factor endowment enablement and market enablement. Secondly, the internationalization of Chinese enterprises in turn has an enabling effect on the domestic market, including the micro level(enabling the domestic market development of enterprises, such as technology enablement and brand enablement) and the macro level(enabling the domestic economic cycle, such as promoting the development of relevant industries, promoting domestic consumption upgrading). Thirdly, due to the different internationalization modes and degrees and the proportion of domestic and international businesses,there are also differences in the modes, intensity and stages of their two-way enablement. Finally, from a dynamic perspective, the two-way enabling path between the domestic market and the internationalization of Chinese enterprises includes three stages: domestic market enabling enterprise internationalization → enterprise internationalization enabling domestic market in turn → two-way enablement of a higher level. For Chinese multinational enterprises that pay equal attention to both domestic and international markets and have a higher degree of internationalization, the two-way enabling pattern of a higher level has been gradually formed.This paper has the following theoretical contributions: Firstly, it reveals the two-way enabling mechanism between domestic and international circulation from the perspective of micro enterprises,opening up the micro black box of interaction between internal and external circulation, which is helpful for providing a micro foundation for the macro dual-circulation research. Secondly, it highlights the strategic and specific role of Chinese enterprises(especially Chinese multinational enterprises) in establishing the new development pattern of dual circulation. Thirdly, different from the traditional international business research which focuses on the one-way relationship between the domestic market and the internationalization of enterprises, it focuses on the two-way influence mechanism between the two, which helps to deepen the existing research.