400米跑两种能量供应计算方法比较研究

Method-Induced Differences in Energy System Contribution to the 400-Metre Track Running

目的:探索采用最大累积氧亏法(maximal accumulated oxygen deficit,MAOD)和磷酸肌酸-乳酸-氧气法(phosphocreatine-lactate-oxygen,PCr-La-O)计算 400 米跑能量供应的差异程度。方法:招募13名男性400米跑专项运动员,年龄19.9 ± 1.4岁,身高 178 ± 5 cm,体重 69.9 ± 7.2 kg,最好成绩 50.49 ± 1.37 s。共参加 3 次运动测试,包括递增负荷、恒定负荷[50%、60%、70%、80%和 90%最大摄氧量(VO)]和田径场400米跑专项测试。400米跑供能比例分别采用MAOD法和PCr-La-O法计算,两者的差异程度基于数据级数推断比较。结果:根据MAOD法,计算的400米跑有氧供能(%)为47.5% ± 4.7%,无氧供能(%)为 52.5% ± 4.7%;PCr-La-O法计算的 400 米跑有氧供能(%)为 36.4% ± 7.6%,无氧供能(%)为63.6% ± 7.6%。MAOD法和PCr-La-O法计算的供能比例(有氧或无氧)差值为11.1% ± 2.1%,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。数据级数推断结果显示,MAOD法与PCr-La-O法计算的供能比例呈现出中度到非常大差异。Pearson相关结果显示,MAOD法和PCr-La-O法计算的供能比例均与运动成绩无显著性相关(MAOD法:r=±0.258,P>0.05;PCr-La-O法:r=±0.398,P>0.05)。结论:MAOD法和PCr-La-O法计算400米跑能量供应的结果不同,建议结合测试目的、对象和可行性首选MAOD法进行计算。

Purpose To explore the difference in energy contribution calculated by maximal accumulated oxygen deficit(MAOD) and phosphocreatine-lactate-oxygen(PCr-La-O) method in the 400-metre track running. Methods Totally 13 male 400-m track runners(age: 19.9 ± 1.4 years,height: 178 ± 5cm,weight: 69.9 ± 7.2 kg,personal best time: 50.49 ± 1.37 s) were recruited. The subjects underwent a maximal incremental exercise test,five submaximal constant workload tests(50%,60%,70%,80% and 90% maximal oxygen uptake) and a 400-metre all-out track run. The energy contribution was calculated by MAOD and PCr-La-Oand the differences were observed. Results According to MA-OD method,the aerobic and anaerobic energy accounted for 47.5% ± 4.7% and 52.5% ± 4.7% of the total energy supply,while according to the PCr-La-Omethod,the corresponding values were 36.4%± 7.6% and 63.6% ± 7.6% respectively. The gap in energy supply ratio was 11.1% ± 2.1%(P<0.05),showing significant differences. The magnitude-based inference indicated medium to very large differences in the aerobic energy contribution measured by MAOD and PCr-La-Omethod. Pearson correlation results showed that the energy supply ratio measured by MAOD and PCr-La-Omethods was not significantly correlated with the sports performance(MAOD method: r=±0.258,P>0.05;PCr-La-Omethod: r=±0.398,P>0.05). Conclusions The energy contribution in the 400-metre track running is affected by the calculating method,and the MAOD method is recommended as the first choice based on the purposes,objects,and feasibility of tests.