中国湿地碳汇功能的提升途径

Approaches to Enhance Wetland Carbon Sink in China

湿地是重要的土地利用类型之一,具有显著的储碳、固碳功能。湿地碳汇与环境变化及人类管理方式密切相关,提升湿地碳汇功能是中国实现“双碳”目标的重要途径之一。本文聚焦于我国湿地生态系统碳汇功能提升的需求,梳理了政策和技术两方面的途径。在现有的湿地政策中,恢复退化的滨海红树林和盐沼、加强泥炭地保护、恢复和新增内陆沼泽湿地可有效提升湿地碳汇。潜在的碳增汇减/排技术包括植被修复与重建技术、水文调控技术、施加生物炭和土壤底质改良技术等。然而,目前的政策和技术通常是从湿地保护和恢复领域移植过来,缺乏定量增碳效应评估,仍需通过示范实践、加强监测评估使湿地碳汇功能提升技术更加成熟,政策目标更加明确。

Wetland presents one of the most important land use types,and plays an essential role in terrestrial carbon storage and sequestration.Wetland carbon sinks are closely related to environmental changes and human management methods.Enhancing the wetland carbon sink function is one of the important ways for China to achieve the“carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals”.This paper focused on the need of improving the carbon sink function of wetland ecosystems in China and reviewed the policy and technical approaches.Based on current wetland protection and restoration policies,wetland carbon sinks could be efficiently improved by restoring degraded coastal mangroves and salt marshes,protecting peatlands,and restoring and reconstructing inland marsh wetlands.Potential technologies to enhance carbon sink and reduce greenhouse gas emissions included vegetation restoration and reconstruction,water level regulation,and substrate improvement approaches such as adding biological carbon and inoculating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.However,most of the current policies and technologies were learned from the experience of wetland protection and restoration but lack carbon sequestration assessment.More practice on demonstration projects and monitoring and evaluation are still needed to optimize technologies and policies to enhance the wetland carbon sink.