基于景观指数的洞庭湖自然保护区网络保护成效评估研究

Protection Effectiveness of Dongting Lake Natural Reserve Network Based on Landscape Index

保护成效评估对提升自然保护区保护管理和优化具有重要意义。本研究以洞庭湖4个自然保护区组成的保护区网络作为研究对象,采用景观时空变化、保护性景观质量指数、人工景观干扰指数和景观保护成效综合指数对1982—2018年其景观保护成效进行评估研究。研究结果表明,1982—2018年洞庭湖自然保护区网络保护性景观面积所占比例由85.20%下降至85.13%。其中,湖泊和河流景观面积显著缩减,沼泽和滩地景观面积明显增加。在各功能区中,核心区、实验区保护性景观和人工干扰性景观的面积及其占比均略有增加。各类景观相互转移比较明显,沼泽地、滩地、库塘和林地均存在较高的面积转出率和转入率,景观转类指数为1.80。1982—2010年人工干扰性景观面积显著增加,2010年之后人工干扰性景观面积快速减少。其中,林地对景观保护成效有较大的负面影响。自然保护区保护性景观质量指数由1982年的52.11增加至2018年的52.26,人工干扰性景观质量指数由−2.15变为−2.10,这表明保护性景观质量提升和人工干扰性景观干扰程度降低。1982—2018年洞庭湖自然保护区景观保护成效综合指数为0.40%,自然保护区景观保护成效总体表现“好”。本研究结果可为优化洞庭湖自然保护区空间布局和提升其保护管理水平提供科学依据。

To assess the conservation effectiveness of nature reserves is of great significance to improve the conservation and management and optimization of nature reserves.In this paper,we assessed the conservation effectiveness of Dongting lake natural reserve network during 1982-2018 by using the landscape dynamic,quality index of protected landscape,interference index of anthropogenic interference landscape,and the composite index of landscape conservation efficiency.The results showed that the proportion of the protected landscape in Dongting lake natural reserve network decreased from 85.20%to 85.13%during 1982-2018,and the area of lakes and rivers decreased quickly,while the area of swamps and beaches increased significantly.The mutual transfer of various landscapes was obvious.Area proportion transformed to and from other types of swamps,beaches,reservoirs,and woodlands particularly high,and the landscape transformation index was 1.80.The area of anthropogenic interference landscape increased significantly during 1982-2010,and the area decreased rapidly after 2010,but the planted forest had a great negative impact on the protection effect.The quality index of protected landscapes of the nature reserve network increased from 52.11 to 52.26,and the interference index of anthropogenic interference landscape was−2.15 and−2.10 in 1982 and 2018.This showed that the quality of the protective landscape is improved and the artificial disturbance intensity was reduced.The composite index of landscape conservation efficiency of Dongting lake natural reserve network was 0.40%during 1982-2018.It showed that the landscape conservation efficiency of Dongting lake natural reserve network was“good”.The research can provide a scientific basis for optimizing the spatial layout of the Nature Reserve in Dongting Lake and improving its protection and management level.