社区照顾对独居老人健康水平的影响研究

The Study of Effect of Community Care on Health of Elderly Living Alone

目的:探究社区照顾对独居老人健康水平的影响。方法:采用2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)中独居老人的全样本,基于有序Probit模型分析不同社区照顾内容对独居老人健康水平的影响,并从性别和年龄两个角度进行异质性分析。结果:起居照料对独居老人各维度的健康水平均有显著正向影响,日常购物能显著提升独居老人的自评健康和心理健康水平,上门看病和情感慰藉只是对健康保持的影响较为显著。异质性分析发现,起居照料和日常购物对高龄独居老人自评健康和心理健康的影响更为显著,上门看病和情感慰藉更利于男性独居老人提高自评健康和心理健康水平。结论:建立独居老人档案,引入“日间照料中心”“跨代共居”等市场化手段,为独居老人打造居家与社区机构相结合的健康支持体系。

Objective To explore the relationship between community care and health of the elderly living alone. Methods A full sample of elderly people living alone from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS) was used to analyze the impact of different community care contents on the health of elderly people living alone based on the ordered probit model, and the heterogeneity was analyzed from the perspectives of gender and age. Results Daily care had a significant positive impact on the health of the elderly living alone in all dimensions. Daily shopping could significantly improve the self-rated health and mental health of the elderly living alone, while home visit and emotional comfort only had a significant impact on health maintenance. Heterogeneity analysis found that daily care and daily shopping had more significant effects on self-rated health and mental health of elderly men, and home visit and emotional comfort were more conducive to improving self-rated health and mental health of elderly men. Conclusion It is necessary to establish archives for the elderly living alone, promote market measures such as "day care center" and "intergenerational cohabitation", and build a health support system combining home, community and institutions for the elderly living alone.