天然气水合物开采关键技术研究现状

Key Technologies for Natural Gas Hydrate Mining

天然气水合物开发潜力巨大,世界上多个国家对天然气水合物开采的关键技术展开了研究和探索。文章对国内外水合物试采以及研究进展进行阐述,明确了天然气水合物开采过程中面临的主要问题。针对各国的开采现状,对开采过程中的关键技术进行了分析,在防砂技术方面,天然气水合物大多位于海底黏土质粉砂或淤泥质沉积物中,开采过程中出砂问题严重,主要防砂措施为机械防砂、加装防砂网、射孔砂筛防砂、Geoform防砂系统等;在能量补充技术方面,水合物开采过程中地层需补充能量,主要方式有注热水或热蒸汽法、微波加热、电加热和太阳能加热法;在气液分离技术方面,水合物分解后的分离方法主要分为重力沉降法和旋转分离法。在上述综述基础上提出了天然气水合物开采关键技术瓶颈及发展方向,以期为天然气水合物高效安全开发提供参考。

The development potential of natural gas hydrate is huge,and many countries in the world have carried out research and exploration on the key technology of natural gas hydrate exploitation.This article elaborates the domestic and foreign hydrate trial mining and research progress,and clarifies the main problems faced in the process of natural gas hydrate mining.Afterwards,based on the mining status of various countries,the key technologies in the mining process are analyzed.First,in terms of sand control technology,most of the natural gas hydrates are located in the submarine clayey silt or silt sediments,and the sand production problem is serious during the mining process.Sand control measures include mechanical sand control,installation of sand control nets,perforated sand screens,and Geoform sand control systems.The second is energy supplement technology.The formation needs to supplement energy during the hydrate mining process.The main methods are hot water injection or hot steam,microwave heating,electric heating and solar heating.The third is gas-liquid separation technology.The separation method after hydrate decomposition is mainly divided into gravity sedimentation method and rotary separation method.Based on the above review,the key technical bottleneck and development direction of gas hydrate mining are put forward,in order to provide reference for the efficient and safe development of gas hydrate.