技术权力视角下美国对华技术竞争及中国应对

U. S.-Initiated Technology Competition with China and China’s Countermeasures from the Perspective of the Power of Technology

美国对华技术竞争的本质是对“技术权力”的争夺。迄今为止,美国发动的对华技术竞争可划分为三个层面:以夺取技术性权力为主要目标的实力竞争、以获得制度性权力为目的的秩序竞争,以及争夺解释性权力的价值观竞争。因受其国内利益分配、财政经济状况、政策落实结果和盟友集团博弈等国内外因素的制约,美方的科技政策未必能达到其预期效果。针对美国对华技术竞争,中国应秉持相互尊重的原则,避免技术“硬脱钩”,打造技术合作平台,维护多边主义和国际秩序的稳定,以积极的态度参与全球技术治理。

The essence of U.S.-Initiated technology competition with China is the competition for the power of technology. The technology competition launched by the U.S.against China can be divided into three levels: the competition based on the strength level with the main goal of seizing technological power, the competition based on the international order level with the purpose of obtaining institutional power, and the competition based on the value level for explanatory power. Restricted by domestic and foreign factors such as the distribution of interests, the government’s financial situation, the results of policy implementation, and the games among allies, the U.S. science and technology policy may not be realized as expected. In this case,China should uphold the principle of mutual respect, avoid technological decoupling, promote cooperation on science, maintain the stability of multilateralism and international order, and participate in global technological governance in a positive manner.