欧盟碳边境调节机制:各方争议与中国应对

EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism:Disputes Between Different Parties and China’s Response

碳边境调节机制的构建,标志着欧盟正式将解决碳泄露问题的政策导向,从以发放免费配额为主的援助境内产业模式向以征收碳关税为代表的规制境外产业模式转变。但在实践中,碳边境调节措施作为欧盟削减低碳价国家边际减排成本优势的政策工具,存在明显的不合理性,因此在欧盟内部、发达国家与发展中国家之间,均引发了一系列的争议。对此,欧盟试图通过设立过渡期、建立碳价联盟与适用WTO例外规则等方式进行解决,但实施效果有待考察。面对当前情势,中国作为低碳价国家和最大发展中国家,可从主动参与国际碳定价规则制定、完善国内碳价制度、保持同欧盟进行磋商以及借助WTO争端解决机制四个方面入手,最大限度地降低碳关税对我国的冲击和影响。

Establishing the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism marks the EU’s official policy that solve the problem of carbon leakage, from the mode of assisting domestic industries based on issuing free allowance to the mode of regulating overseas industries represented by the levy of carbon tariffs. However, in practice, as a policy tool for the EU to wipe off the emission reduction cost advantage of low-carbon price countries, Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism is obviously unreasonable. Therefore, arising a series of disputes within the EU, deve-loped and developing countries. In this regard, the EU tries to solve these problems by setting a transition period, establishing a carbon price alliance and applying WTO exception rules, but the implementation effect remains to be seen. Faced with the current situation, as a low-carbon price country and the largest developing country, China can through actively participating in the formulation of international carbon pricing rules, improving the domestic carbon price system, maintaining consultations with the EU, and using dispute settlement mechanisms such as the DSB, to minimize the negative effect of carbon tariffs.